4.1

Question 1

What are main factors in an ethical decision?

Answer 1

1. Decision likely has an signifficant effetc on others
2. Decision is a choice, because other options are usually open
3. Decision is percived as ethical relevant to more than one party.

Question 2

What to descriptive ethical theories do?

Answer 2

They seek do describe HOW an ethical decision was made and what influeces the process and outcome of the decision.

Question 3

Describe the process of ethical desicionmaking

Answer 3

Stages:

1. Regicnizes moral issue
2. Make a judgment on issue (ethical theories are appleid here)
3. Establish moral intent
4. Act in moral behavior

Question 4

Def. the Factors in ethical decisionmaking

Answer 4

Individual & Situational

Individual:
unique characteristics of individual given at birth and acquired through experience

Situational:
features of the context the that influences whether an ethical or unethical decision will be made # work context or # intensity # ethical framing

Question 5

Limitations of ethical decisionmaking models

Answer 5

Not straight forward

natural or context biased

Question 6

Name Individual Factors in Descriptive Theories

Answer 6

1. Age and Gender
2. National and cultural characteristics #power distance
3. Education and employment #how one’s trained
4. Psycologial #CMD + Locus of Control (personal views, integrity + moral imagionation)

Question 7

What is CMD?

Answer 7

Cognitive Moral Development by Kohlberg

is concerned with the reasoning für actions. There are different levels depending on cognitive capacity.

Question 8

Name the CMD Levels

Answer 8

1. Pre-Conventional
   - Obedience + punishment
   - Instrumental purpose + exchange
2. Conventional
   - Interpersonal accord, conformity + mutual expectations
   - Social accord + system maintenance
3. Post-Conventional
   - Social contrast + individual rights
   - Self-chosen universal ethical principles

Question 9

Describe the concept of Locus of Control

Answer 9

How much power do I think I have?
Focus on personal values, integrity and moral imagination

Personal values: -enduring belief that a mode of conduct ist personally or socially preferable

Personal integrity: - consistency in ethical beliefs and actions untempted

Moral imagaination: -ability to imagine a rage of possible issues, sonsequences + solutions. # see in different perspectives

Question 10

Whats the criticism of CMD?

Answer 10

• gender biased - study without females
• Invariance of stages, because they are in an constant process of development
• implicit value judgments