2.2 Flashcards
What is / Def. Theorie of Egoism
By Smith: Action is morally right, if the actor freely decides an action to pursue either (short term) desire or (long term) interests. on a free market.
Human as focused on pursuing own interests.
?? Is this my long term interest?
?? Are all actors involved free to pursue self-interest?
Whats critisism of Theorie of Egoism
Markets are not perfect:
- Different levels of information
- Imbalance of Power
- Actors arent always rational and seek long termin interests
What is / Def. Utilitarianism
By Bentham + Mill: Action is morally right if result bringt greatest amount of good for biggest number if people. (or least harm for smallest number) #happy people
Humans as Hedonist seeking pleasure avoiding pain
Whats critisim of Utilitarianism
Subjectiv what is considered pleasure or pain
Problem of quantification of utility and its distrebution
What is / Def. Ethics of Duty
by Kant
“Categorical Imperativ” as three maxims to test whether an action is ethical:
- Consistency (what if everbody?)
- Human Dignity
- Universal acceptability
Only if all three maxims are answered with “yes” is the action considered ethical.
Humans as: Rational actors consequently making rational decisions
Whats critisim of Ethics of Duty
Undervaluing the outcome, fokus on decision
complexity - abstraction is necessary
Man as consequently rational actor is unrealistic
Name the three pillars of UN Guiding Principles
Human Rights
1. Protect
- Respect
- Remedy
Whats critisism of Theory of Justice
- Ignores why people are in position of higher / lower advantage #diligence
- does not compensate natural inequalities #handicaps
What is / Def. Theory of Justice
By Rawls:
Everyone has the equal right to the same basic liberties
- social & economic inequalities have to be arranged that the leas advantaged person still ist better off than before.
- all positions open to all under the same conditions and equal opportunities
