4.07 Anatomic and Physiologic Changes in the Skin

Question 1

Pigmentary changes during pregnancy may change during __

Answer 1

early in pregnancy

Question 2

Pigmentary changes during pregnancy are prominent in __. These increase __.

Answer 2

users of oral contraceptives

alpha-MSH, estrogen, progesterone

Question 3

What usually causes hyperpigmentation during pregnancy?

Answer 3

controversial
increased placental, ovarian hormone
MSH reversal

Question 4

Also known as “Mask of Pregnancy” (give two names); irregular, well-demarcated, blotchy, light to dark brown macules/patches in the face

Answer 4

Melasma

Chloasma

Question 5

Linear, pink-violaceous, atrophic lines that are usually seen opposite skin tension lines like teh abdomen, the breasts, upper arms and lower back

Answer 5

Stretch marks

Question 6

What causes stretch marks?

Answer 6

rapid stretching of the skin
genetic
increased adrenocortical activity

Question 7

Hypertrophy of gums, they become large and inflamed, can result to bleeding during brushing

Answer 7

Gingivitis

Question 8

Red macular or papular telangiectactic puncts with radiating branches and surrounding erythema

Answer 8

Spider nevus

Question 9

Blood collects in your legs and pressure builds up; veins become weak, large, and twisted

Answer 9

varicosities

Question 10

Causes of varicosities

Answer 10

familiar tendency

elastic tissue fragility

Question 11

T/F. Non-pitting edema increases during the day because of increased movement.

Answer 11

False. It decreases during the day.

Question 12

Why does non-pitting edema decrease during the day?

Answer 12

Due to sodium retention with increased capillary permeability

Question 13

Which stage of hair growth is longer during pregnancy? What is possible because of this?

Answer 13

Anagen

Hypertrichosis

Question 14

Because of accelerated nail growth, nails become __

Answer 14

brittle and distal onycholysis is possible

Question 15

Changes in glandular activity during pregnancy

Answer 15

eccrine - increased
apocrine - decreased
sebaceous - increased

Question 16

Intact epithelium during neonatal skin that is protected by whitish greasy film that serves as an antibacterial lubricant

Answer 16

Vernix caseosa

Question 17

Condition where the infant is flaking off of the dried vernix caseosa

Answer 17

Erythema neonatorum

Question 18

Physiologic vascular pattern reflecting vasomotor instability

Answer 18

Cutis marmorata

Question 19

Condition otherwise known as blue feet where the hands and sometimes feet become cold and blue

Answer 19

acrocyanosis

Question 20

Spontaneous hair loss; usually diffused alopecia

Answer 20

Telogen effluvium of the newborn

Question 21

Multiple, uniform, pinpoint, yellowish papules; most prominent in the nose, cheeks, upper lip, forehead

Answer 21

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia

Question 22

What causes sebaceous gland hyperplasia?

Answer 22

because of maternal androgens

Question 23

1-3 nm white globular papules; keratin deposits

Answer 23

milia

Question 24

Succulent genitalia, mucoid vaginal discharge, withdrawal bleeding

Answer 24

Miniature puberty

Question 25

What influences miniature puberty?

Answer 25

placental and maternal hormones

Question 26

Engorged breasts; lactation

Answer 26

Hypertrophy of mammary gland

Question 27

Yellowish white keratinous cysts along alveolar ridges and/or in the midline of the hard and soft palate

Answer 27

Eipstein’s pearls

Question 28

Earliest stools of an infant composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus

Answer 28

Meconium

Question 29

Dilated hair follicle infundibulum filled with keratin squamae and bacteria

Answer 29

Comedones

Question 30

Any epidermal lesion marked by presence of circumscribed overgrowth of stratum corneum

Answer 30

Keratosis

Question 31

What causes the gray or white hair?

Answer 31

Conversion of melanin to air bubbles as we age

Question 32

What is the inheritance pattern of androgenic alopesia?

Answer 32

polygenic, autosomal dominant with variable penetrance

Question 33

What causes androgenic alopesia?

Answer 33

conversion of terminal hairs back to hairs smaller in caliber and shorter in length as a response to dihydrotestosterone