Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 3012 > 40 Chapter > Flashcards

40 Chapter Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Anatomy

A

Biological form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiology

A

Biological function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fusiform

A

Referring to an animal shape that is tapered on both ends, like fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

The fluid in the spaces between cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Four main types of animal tissues:

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epithelial tissues, or epithalia

A

Cover the outside of the body and line organs and cavities within the body.
-Occur as sheets of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

Dice-shaped cells specialized for secretion. Is present in many glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Brick-shaped cells found where secretion or active absorption is important.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Platelike cells present where diffusion of nutrients and gases is critical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Consists of a single layer of cells varying in height and nuclei position; provide a mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Is multilayered and regenerates rapidly; is found on surfaces subject to abrasion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

5 Types of epithelial tissue

A

Cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Connective tissue

A

Consist of a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix; holds many tissues and organs together and in place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Secrete fiber proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Macrophages

A

Engulf foreign particles and any cell debris by phagocytosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Three kinds of connective tissue fibers

A

Collagenous fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Collagenous fibers

A

Provide strength and flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Join connective tissue to adjacent tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Make tissues elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place. Is made of all three connective tissue fibers and is the most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fibrous connective tissue

A

Is dense with collagenous fibers. It is found in tendons and in ligaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tendons

A

Attach muscles to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bones at joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bone

A

A mineralized connective tissue; the skeleton of most vertebrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells, which deposit a matrix of collagen.
26
Osteons
The repeating microscopic units of a hard mammalian bone.
27
Adipose tissue
A specialized loose connective tissue that stores fat in adipose cells distributed throughout its matrix.
28
Blood has a liquid extracellular matrix called _______
Plasma
29
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells, which carry oxygen
30
Leukocytes
White blood cells, which function in defense
31
Platelets
Cell fragments, which function in blood clotting
32
Cartilage
A strong yet flexible support material.
33
Chondroitin sulfate
Rubbery protein-carbohydrate complex; a component of cartilage
34
Chondrocytes
Secrete collagen and chondroitin sulfate, which together make cartilage
35
6 Types of connective tissue
Loose connective tissue Fibrous connective tissue Bone Adipose tissue Blood Cartilage
36
Muscle tissue
Consists of filaments containing the proteins actin and myosin, which together enable muscles to contract.
37
Skeletal muscle (striated muscle)
Consists of muscle fibers and is responsible for voluntary movements. -Each muscle fiber contains multiple nuclei
38
Smooth muscle
Lacks striations and is responsible for involuntary body activities.
39
Cardiac muscle
Forms the contractile wall of the heart. -Is striated
40
Three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle
41
Nervous tissue
Functions in the receipt, processing, and transmission of information.
42
Neurons
The basic units of the nervous system. Neurons transmit impulses to neurons, muscles, or other cells
43
Dendrites
Extensions of a neuron where the neuron receives impulses from other neurons.
44
Axons
Extensions of the neuron where neurons transmit impulses to neurons, muscles, or other cells
45
Nerves
The bundle of neurons, dendrites, and axons
46
Glial cells, or glia
Helps nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons, and in some cases, modulate neuron function.
47
Two major systems for coordinating and controlling responses to stimuli:
The endocrine and nervous systems
48
In the endocrine system,…
Signaling molecules released into the bloodstream by endocrine cells are carried to all locations in the body.
49
In the nervous system,…
Neurons transmit signals along dedicated routes connecting specific locations in the body.
50
Different hormones cause distinct effects, and only cells that have receptors for a particular hormone respond.
True
51
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Acts solely on thyroid cells; stimulates the release of thyroid hormone
52
Thyroid hormone
Acts on nearly every body tissue to increase oxygen consumption and heat production.
53
In the nervous system, signals called _________ travel to specific target cells along communication lines consisting mainly of axons.
Nerve impulses
54
The endocrine system is especially well adapted for coordinating gradual changes that affect the entire body, such as growth, development, reproduction, metabolic processes, and digestion.
True
55
An animal is a ________ for an environmental variable if it uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the face of external fluctuation.
Regulator
56
An animal is a _________ for a particular variable if it allows its internal condition to change in accordance with external changes in the variable.
Conformer
57
Homeostasis
Refers to the maintenance of internal balance.
58
Set point
The particular value of a variable. For example, the set point of human body temperature is 37 degrees C
59
Sensor
Detects fluctuations above or below the set point
60
Response
A physiological activity that helps return the variable to the set point
61
Negative feedback
A control mechanism that reduces, or “damps”, the stimulus
62
Positive feedback
A mechanism that amplifies the stimulus
63
Circadian rythm
A set of physiological changes that occur roughly every 24 hours
64
Acclimatization
The gradual process by which an animal adjusts to changes in its external environment.
65
Thermoregulation
The process by which animals maintain their body temperature within a normal range.
66
Endothermic
Organisms that are warmed mostly by heat generated by metabolism.
67
Ectothermic
Organisms that gain most of their heat from external sources.
68
Poikilotherm
An animal whose body temperature varies with its environment.
69
Homeotherm
Has a relatively constant body temperature
70
Integumentary system
The outer covering of the body, consisting of skin, hair, and nails
71
Vasodilation
A widening of superficial blood vessels
72
Vasoconstriction
Decreases the diameter of superficial vessels
73
Hypothalamus
The brain region that controls the circadian clock and contains sensors for thermoregulation
74
Fever
An elevated body temperature
75
Bioenergetics
The overall flow and transformation of energy in an animal
76
Metabolic rate
The sum of all the energy an animal uses in a given time interval
77
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The minimum metabolic rate of a non growing endothermic that is at rest, has an empty stomach, and is not experiencing stress
78
Standard metabolic rate (SMR)
The metabolic rate of a fasting, nonstressed ectotherm at rest at a particular temperature
79
Torpor
A physiological state of decreased activity and metabolism
80
Hibernation
A long-term torpor
81
Estivation
Summer torpor

BIOL 3012 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions