4: Tissues Of The Body

Question 1

How many types of main tissue are there?

Answer 1

There are four main tissue types based on the cells present and the non-cellular substances surrounding them (extracellular matrix)

Question 2

What is the role of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

The role of epithelial tissue is to cover can protect the inside and outside surfaces of the body. Nutrients diffuse into the epithelial tissue from nearby capillaries. It acts as a barrier and allows the movement, secretion and absorption of certain substances

Question 3

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Answer 3

Epithelial tissue forms glands

Question 4

What is the structure of epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

Epithelial tissue is mostly cellular, with little extracellular matrix. Special structures bind the adjacent cells together. These cells can divide my mitosis

Question 5

What are the classes of epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

There are eight classes of epithelial tissue. These are: 
Simple squamous 
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar 
Pseudostratified columnar
Transitional

Question 6

How is epithelial tissue used in speech?

Answer 6

Stratified columnar makes up the larynx and pseudostratified columnar makes up the pharynx

Question 7

Describe simple squamous epithelial tissue:

Answer 7

Simple squamous epithelial tissue is has cells in a single row formation that look quite flattened

Question 8

Describe simple cuboidal epithelial tissue:

Answer 8

Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue is like simple squamous: a single row of cells tightly packed, but they aren’t squished like simple

Question 9

Describe simple columnar epithelial tissue:

Answer 9

Simple columnar epithelial tissue is like simple squamous: single tightly packed row of cells, but simple columnar cells appear elongated

Question 10

Describe stratified squamous epithelial tissue:

Answer 10

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue is like simple squamous except it has more layers stacked on top of each other: the cells are packed tightly next to each other and appear squished

Question 11

Describe stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue:

Answer 11

Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue is like simple cuboidal but layered. Cells are neatly in rows side by side

Question 12

Describe stratified columnar epithelial tissue:

Answer 12

Stratified columnar epithelial tissue is like simple columnar but with more layers: the cells are side by cells in rows and appear elongated

Question 13

Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue:

Answer 13

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue has elongated cells in a variety of forms packed in and squashed vertically so they appear distorted

Question 14

Describe transitional epithelial tissue:

Answer 14

Transitional epithelial tissue has cells squished into irregular rows and columns. The cells appear distorted and irregular in shape and size

Question 15

Where is nervous tissue found?

Answer 15

Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 16

What is the role of nervous tissue?

Answer 16

Nervous tissue conducts signals called action potentials as a method of communicating information along nerves all around the body

Question 17

What is the structure of nervous tissue?

Answer 17

Nervous tissue is made up of neurones and neuroglia. Neurones carry the signals and are made up of a cell body, dendrites and axons.
Neuraglia are supporting cells that nourish, protect and insulate neurons in cells in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 18

What is the role of muscle tissue?

Answer 18

Muscle tissue is grouped into three types of muscle, depending on their differing structure and function: skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Question 19

What is the role of skeletal muscle tissue?

Answer 19

The role of skeletal muscle tissue is to enable motion by attached tendons to the skeleton. They work under voluntary control, but the nervous system can control them involuntarily

Question 20

What is the structure of skeletal muscle tissue?

Answer 20

Skeletal muscle tissue has long and cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei, in a striated arrangement

Question 21

What is the role of cardiac muscle tissue?

Answer 21

The role of cardiac muscle tissue is to allow simultaneous contraction in the heart they work involuntarily

Question 22

What is the structure of cardiac muscle tissue?

Answer 22

The cells of cardiac muscle tissue are short and cylindrical, with multiple nuclei in a striated arrangement with intercalated discs

Question 23

What is the role of smooth muscle tissue?

Answer 23

Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs

Question 24

What is the structure of smooth muscle tissue?

Answer 24

The cells in smooth muscle tissue are small and tapered with a single nucleus. They are not striated in arrangement

Question 25

Where is connective tissue found?

Answer 25

Connective tissue is found everywhere. It is the most abundant tissue

Question 26

What is the role of connective tissue?

Answer 26

Connective tissue’s major functions are protection, insulation, transportation, binging and support

Question 27

What is the structure of connective tissue?

Answer 27

Connective tissue is made up of:
Matrix- unstructured material that fills the space between cells and fibres
Fibres- provide support. Three types: collagen, elastic and reticular fibres
Cells- each major class of connective tissue has a particular cell yape that maintains the fibres and matrix

Question 28

What are the three types of fibres in connective tissue?

Answer 28

1. Collagen fibres- strong and abundant
2. Elastic fibres- long and stretchy
3. Reticular fibres- fine and collagen-like

Question 29

What are the classifications of connective tissue?

Answer 29

Connective tissue has four classes and several subclasses within these.

The four classes are: blood, bone, cartilage and connective tissue proper

Question 30

Wat is the structure of blood as connective tissue?

Answer 30

Blood is a liquid, where the cells are surrounded by plasma. The tissue here is the fibres of blood found in clotting

Question 31

What is the structure of bone as a connective tissue?

Answer 31

Bone is rock hard, with a similar matrix to cartilage, but harder and more rigid

Question 32

What is the structure of cartilage as connective tissue?

Answer 32

Cartilage is made mainly of collagen fibres. It is though but flexible and provides resilient rigidity. It receives nutrients by diffusion and can rebound because of its fluidity

Question 33

What is the role of connective tissue in speech?

Answer 33

Hyaline cartilage forms the larynx
Elastic cartilage forms the external ear
Dense regular lactic connective tissue forms the vocal cords

Question 34

What are the two subclasses of connective tissue proper?

Answer 34

The two subclasses of connective tissue proper are loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

Question 35

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 35

The three types of loose connective tissue are:

1. Areolar connective tissue
2. Adipose tissue
3. Reticular connective tissue

Question 36

What is the structure of areolar connective tissue?

Answer 36

Areolar connective tissue is found loosely packed between other tissues

Question 37

What is the role of areolar connective tissue?

Answer 37

The role of areolar connective tissue is to make and maintain certain fibres and soak up excess fluids to create swelling

Question 38

What is the structure of adipose tissue?

Answer 38

Adipose tissue is found mainly in the deepest layer of skin and has a similar structure to areolar connective tissue

Question 39

What is the role of adipose tissue?

Answer 39

Adipose tissue has a similar function to areolar connective tissue, but has greater nutrient storing abilities

Question 40

What is the structure of reticular connective tissue?

Answer 40

Reticular connective tissue is made up of reticular fibres. It has delicate networks where reticulars sit

Question 41

What is the role of reticular connective tissue?

Answer 41

The role of reticular connective tissue is to support blood cells, spleen and bone marrow

Question 42

What are the subclasses of dense connective tissue?

Answer 42

Dense connective tissue has three subclasses:

1. Dense regular connective tissue
2. Dense irregular connective tissue
3. Dense regular elastic connective tissue

Question 43

What is the structure of dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 43

Dense regular connective tissue has closely packed collagen fibres parallel to the direction of pull
This makes them flexible, resistant to tension and poorly vascularised

Question 44

What is the role of dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 44

Dense regular connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments

Question 45

What is the structure of dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 45

Dense irregular connective tissue has the same structure as dense regular connective tissue: closely packed collagen fibres parallel to the direction of pull. However, the bundles of collagen are thicker and irregular compared to dense regular connective tissue

Question 46

What is the role of dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 46

Dense irregular connective tissue forms sheets in areas of tension to from different directions

Question 47

What is the role of dense regular elastic connective tissue?

Answer 47

Dense regular elastic connective tissue stretches and recoils. It is found in the vocal folds