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Anatomy & Physiology > 4: Tissues Of The Body > Flashcards

4: Tissues Of The Body Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of main tissue are there?

A

There are four main tissue types based on the cells present and the non-cellular substances surrounding them (extracellular matrix)

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2
Q

What is the role of epithelial tissue?

A

The role of epithelial tissue is to cover can protect the inside and outside surfaces of the body. Nutrients diffuse into the epithelial tissue from nearby capillaries. It acts as a barrier and allows the movement, secretion and absorption of certain substances

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3
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

Epithelial tissue forms glands

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4
Q

What is the structure of epithelial tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue is mostly cellular, with little extracellular matrix. Special structures bind the adjacent cells together. These cells can divide my mitosis

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5
Q

What are the classes of epithelial tissue?

A 
There are eight classes of epithelial tissue. These are: 
Simple squamous 
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar 
Pseudostratified columnar
Transitional
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6
Q

How is epithelial tissue used in speech?

A

Stratified columnar makes up the larynx and pseudostratified columnar makes up the pharynx

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7
Q

Describe simple squamous epithelial tissue:

A

Simple squamous epithelial tissue is has cells in a single row formation that look quite flattened

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8
Q

Describe simple cuboidal epithelial tissue:

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue is like simple squamous: a single row of cells tightly packed, but they aren’t squished like simple

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9
Q

Describe simple columnar epithelial tissue:

A

Simple columnar epithelial tissue is like simple squamous: single tightly packed row of cells, but simple columnar cells appear elongated

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10
Q

Describe stratified squamous epithelial tissue:

A

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue is like simple squamous except it has more layers stacked on top of each other: the cells are packed tightly next to each other and appear squished

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11
Q

Describe stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue:

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue is like simple cuboidal but layered. Cells are neatly in rows side by side

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12
Q

Describe stratified columnar epithelial tissue:

A

Stratified columnar epithelial tissue is like simple columnar but with more layers: the cells are side by cells in rows and appear elongated

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13
Q

Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue:

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue has elongated cells in a variety of forms packed in and squashed vertically so they appear distorted

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14
Q

Describe transitional epithelial tissue:

A

Transitional epithelial tissue has cells squished into irregular rows and columns. The cells appear distorted and irregular in shape and size

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15
Q

Where is nervous tissue found?

A

Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

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16
Q

What is the role of nervous tissue?

A

Nervous tissue conducts signals called action potentials as a method of communicating information along nerves all around the body

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17
Q

What is the structure of nervous tissue?

A

Nervous tissue is made up of neurones and neuroglia. Neurones carry the signals and are made up of a cell body, dendrites and axons.
Neuraglia are supporting cells that nourish, protect and insulate neurons in cells in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

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18
Q

What is the role of muscle tissue?

A

Muscle tissue is grouped into three types of muscle, depending on their differing structure and function: skeletal, cardiac and smooth

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19
Q

What is the role of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

The role of skeletal muscle tissue is to enable motion by attached tendons to the skeleton. They work under voluntary control, but the nervous system can control them involuntarily

20
Q

What is the structure of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle tissue has long and cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei, in a striated arrangement

21
Q

What is the role of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

The role of cardiac muscle tissue is to allow simultaneous contraction in the heart they work involuntarily

22
Q

What is the structure of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

The cells of cardiac muscle tissue are short and cylindrical, with multiple nuclei in a striated arrangement with intercalated discs

23
Q

What is the role of smooth muscle tissue?

A

Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs

24
Q

What is the structure of smooth muscle tissue?

A

The cells in smooth muscle tissue are small and tapered with a single nucleus. They are not striated in arrangement

25
Q

Where is connective tissue found?

A

Connective tissue is found everywhere. It is the most abundant tissue

26
Q

What is the role of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue’s major functions are protection, insulation, transportation, binging and support

27
Q

What is the structure of connective tissue?

A 
Connective tissue is made up of:
Matrix- unstructured material that fills the space between cells and fibres
Fibres- provide support. Three types: collagen, elastic and reticular fibres
Cells- each major class of connective tissue has a particular cell yape that maintains the fibres and matrix
28
Q

What are the three types of fibres in connective tissue?

A
  1. Collagen fibres- strong and abundant
  2. Elastic fibres- long and stretchy
  3. Reticular fibres- fine and collagen-like
29
Q

What are the classifications of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue has four classes and several subclasses within these.

The four classes are: blood, bone, cartilage and connective tissue proper

30
Q

Wat is the structure of blood as connective tissue?

A

Blood is a liquid, where the cells are surrounded by plasma. The tissue here is the fibres of blood found in clotting

31
Q

What is the structure of bone as a connective tissue?

A

Bone is rock hard, with a similar matrix to cartilage, but harder and more rigid

32
Q

What is the structure of cartilage as connective tissue?

A

Cartilage is made mainly of collagen fibres. It is though but flexible and provides resilient rigidity. It receives nutrients by diffusion and can rebound because of its fluidity

33
Q

What is the role of connective tissue in speech?

A

Hyaline cartilage forms the larynx
Elastic cartilage forms the external ear
Dense regular lactic connective tissue forms the vocal cords

34
Q

What are the two subclasses of connective tissue proper?

A

The two subclasses of connective tissue proper are loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

35
Q

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A

The three types of loose connective tissue are:

  1. Areolar connective tissue
  2. Adipose tissue
  3. Reticular connective tissue
36
Q

What is the structure of areolar connective tissue?

A

Areolar connective tissue is found loosely packed between other tissues

37
Q

What is the role of areolar connective tissue?

A

The role of areolar connective tissue is to make and maintain certain fibres and soak up excess fluids to create swelling

38
Q

What is the structure of adipose tissue?

A

Adipose tissue is found mainly in the deepest layer of skin and has a similar structure to areolar connective tissue

39
Q

What is the role of adipose tissue?

A

Adipose tissue has a similar function to areolar connective tissue, but has greater nutrient storing abilities

40
Q

What is the structure of reticular connective tissue?

A

Reticular connective tissue is made up of reticular fibres. It has delicate networks where reticulars sit

41
Q

What is the role of reticular connective tissue?

A

The role of reticular connective tissue is to support blood cells, spleen and bone marrow

42
Q

What are the subclasses of dense connective tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue has three subclasses:

  1. Dense regular connective tissue
  2. Dense irregular connective tissue
  3. Dense regular elastic connective tissue
43
Q

What is the structure of dense regular connective tissue?

A

Dense regular connective tissue has closely packed collagen fibres parallel to the direction of pull
This makes them flexible, resistant to tension and poorly vascularised

44
Q

What is the role of dense regular connective tissue?

A

Dense regular connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments

45
Q

What is the structure of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue has the same structure as dense regular connective tissue: closely packed collagen fibres parallel to the direction of pull. However, the bundles of collagen are thicker and irregular compared to dense regular connective tissue

46
Q

What is the role of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue forms sheets in areas of tension to from different directions

47
Q

What is the role of dense regular elastic connective tissue?

A

Dense regular elastic connective tissue stretches and recoils. It is found in the vocal folds

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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