2: Anatomical Systems

Question 1

What is a zygote?

Answer 1

A cell formed by fertilisation

Question 2

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 2

When a single cell undergoes repeated divisions and each daughter cell becomes specialised to undertake a specific role

Question 3

What is an organ system?

Answer 3

An organ system is made up of specialised cells that create specialised tissues that combine to create organs which work together to form an organ system

Question 4

What is anatomical positioning?

Answer 4

The reference positioning that gives meaning to the directional terms to describe the human body. The body is standing facing forwards with their arms by their sides and palms facing forwards

Question 5

What direction is superior/cranial?

Answer 5

Superior is towards the head

Question 6

What direction is inferior/caudal?

Answer 6

Inferior is towards the bottom

Question 7

What direction is anterior/ ventral?

Answer 7

Anterior is towards the back

Question 8

What direction is posterior/ dorsal?

Answer 8

Posterior is towards the back

Question 9

What direction is medial?

Answer 9

Medial is towards the middle of the body

Question 10

What direction is lateral?

Answer 10

Lateral is towards the side of the body

Question 11

What direction is internal/ deep?

Answer 11

Internal is away from the surface of the body

Question 12

What direction is external/ superficial?

Answer 12

External is towards the surface of the body

Question 13

What direction is proximal?

Answer 13

Proximal is towards the main mass of the body

Question 14

What direction is distal?

Answer 14

Distal is away from the main mass of the body

Question 15

What is visceral?

Answer 15

Visceral relates to internal organs

Question 16

What is parietal?

Answer 16

Parietal relates to the body walls

Question 17

What are anatomical planes?

Answer 17

Anatomical planes are important for interpreting images in X-rays and scans to ensure universal understanding

Question 18

What direction is the median saggital plane?

Answer 18

Median saggital plane runs from head to toe down the centre of the body

Question 19

What direction is the transverse plane?

Answer 19

The transverse plane runs horizontally through the body from left to right

Question 20

What direction is coronal/ frontal plane?

Answer 20

Coronal plane runs from head to toe through the side of the body

Question 21

What does the respiratory system do?

Answer 21

The respiratory system provides cells with oxygen

Question 22

What does the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 22

The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste products

Question 23

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 23

The lymphatic system removes foreign substances and combats disease

Question 24

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 24

The nervous system co-ordinates the activities of all other cells in response to changes in the body’s internal and external environment

Question 25

What does the skeletal system do?

Answer 25

The skeletal system provides the structure that all other systems are built around and enables effective motion

Question 26

What does the digestive system do?

Answer 26

The digestive system extracts nutrients from food to feed cells

Question 27

What does the urinary system do?

Answer 27

The unitary system eliminates waste products from the body and maintains a healthy pH balance

Question 28

What does the integumentary system do?

Answer 28

The integumentary system is the skin that protects the body

Question 29

What does the reproductive system do?

Answer 29

The structures of the reproductive system bring about the continuation of a species