2: Anatomical Systems Flashcards
What is a zygote?
A cell formed by fertilisation
What is cell differentiation?
When a single cell undergoes repeated divisions and each daughter cell becomes specialised to undertake a specific role
What is an organ system?
An organ system is made up of specialised cells that create specialised tissues that combine to create organs which work together to form an organ system
What is anatomical positioning?
The reference positioning that gives meaning to the directional terms to describe the human body. The body is standing facing forwards with their arms by their sides and palms facing forwards
What direction is superior/cranial?
Superior is towards the head
What direction is inferior/caudal?
Inferior is towards the bottom
What direction is anterior/ ventral?
Anterior is towards the back
What direction is posterior/ dorsal?
Posterior is towards the back
What direction is medial?
Medial is towards the middle of the body
What direction is lateral?
Lateral is towards the side of the body
What direction is internal/ deep?
Internal is away from the surface of the body
What direction is external/ superficial?
External is towards the surface of the body
What direction is proximal?
Proximal is towards the main mass of the body
What direction is distal?
Distal is away from the main mass of the body
What is visceral?
Visceral relates to internal organs
What is parietal?
Parietal relates to the body walls
What are anatomical planes?
Anatomical planes are important for interpreting images in X-rays and scans to ensure universal understanding
What direction is the median saggital plane?
Median saggital plane runs from head to toe down the centre of the body
What direction is the transverse plane?
The transverse plane runs horizontally through the body from left to right
What direction is coronal/ frontal plane?
Coronal plane runs from head to toe through the side of the body
What does the respiratory system do?
The respiratory system provides cells with oxygen
What does the cardiovascular system do?
The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste products
What does the lymphatic system do?
The lymphatic system removes foreign substances and combats disease
What does the nervous system do?
The nervous system co-ordinates the activities of all other cells in response to changes in the body’s internal and external environment
What does the skeletal system do?
The skeletal system provides the structure that all other systems are built around and enables effective motion
What does the digestive system do?
The digestive system extracts nutrients from food to feed cells
What does the urinary system do?
The unitary system eliminates waste products from the body and maintains a healthy pH balance
What does the integumentary system do?
The integumentary system is the skin that protects the body
What does the reproductive system do?
The structures of the reproductive system bring about the continuation of a species
