10: Anatomy Of The Skull And Neck Flashcards
What is the skull made up of?
The skull is made up of a number of separate bones that fit together
The skull has 21 different bones- see print out for names
Describe the properties of the bones of the skull:
The bones that make up the skull are both spongy and compact in a combination that is lightweight and provides great resilience to impact
What is the role of the skull?
The role of the skull is to: provide protection for many of the most sensitive and delicate structures of the body, including:
- The brain
- The eyes
- Hearing apparatus
- Balance apparatus
- Olfactory apparatus
- Passageways for air and food
What are the classifications of the structures of the neck?
The structures of the neck can be classed as:
- Bony
- Muscular
- Vascular
- Neural
- Respiratory
- Gustatory
- Glandular
Which are the bony structures of the neck?
The bony structures of the neck are the cervical vertebrae C1-C7 and the hyoid bone
What are the roles of the bony structures?
The roles of the bony structures include:
- Enabling head movement by articulating surfaces. Eg: enables nodding and shaking movement and tilting
- Pairs of vertebrae forma a foreman through which escape the spinal nerves
Which of the neck structures are the cervical vertebrae?
The cervical vertebrae are C1-C7
See print out for list of names
Where is the hyoid bone located?
The hyoid bone is located just below the mandible, suspended above and below by muscles and igaments
What is the role of the hyoid bone?
The hyoid bone doesn’t have any direct articulations with other bones
Muscles and ligaments above the hyoid attach to the skull and below to some muscles of the tongue and the muscles that elevate the larynx during speech and swallowing
What are the roles of the muscles of the neck?
The main roles of the muscles of the neck are involvement in movement of the head and hyoid
The neck muscles are indirect contributors to the movement of the tongue, larynx and upper body
What is the structure of the muscles in the neck?
There are a number of muscles in the neck. Their multiplicity makes it hard to identify them separately, so different views and aspects are used to do so
What is sternocleidomastoid action?
Sternocleidomastoid action is the flexion, rotation and lateral flexion of the cervical spine
What is platysma?
The platysma is a muscle in the neck that depresses the jaw
What is the role of the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid?
The thyrohyoid depresses the hyoid and larynx
What is the role of the omohyoid?
The omohyoid depresses the hyoid
What is the role of the digastric?
The digastric elevates the hyoid and depresses the jaw
What are the roles of the mylohyoid and stylohyoid?
The roles of the mylohyoid and stylohyoid are to elevate the hyoid
What is the role of the scalene?
The scalene elevates the ribs and moves the cervical spine
What is the role of the longissimus capitis?
The role of the longissimus is to extend, rotate and laterally flex the neck
What are the roles of the semispinalis capitis and the semispinalis cervicis?
The semispinalis capitis and cervicis extend and rotate the spine
What are the roles of the splenius capitis and cervicis?
The splenius capitis and cervicis laterally flex and rotate the cervical spine
What is the role of the rectus capitalis posterior?
The rectus capitalis posterior major and minor extend, rotate and laterally flex the cervical spine
What is the role of the obliquus capits?
The superior and inferior obliquus capitis extend, rotate and laterally flex the atlas
Blood vessels of the neck:
See print out diagrams
What is the role of the lymphatic system?
The role of the lymphatic system is to:
- Drain tissue fluid, plasma proteins and other cellular debris back into the bloodstream
- Contribute to the immune defence system
What is the role of the lymph nodes?
The lymph nodes filter the lymph
Where does drained lymph go?
Lymph is drained from the tissues and enters the lymphatic vessels and into the lymph nodes. After being drained in the lymph nodes, it drains into the venous system
What are the major groups of the lymphatic vessels of the head and neck?
The lymphatic vessels of the head and neck fall into two major groups:
- Superficial
- Deep
What is the role of superficial vessels?
Superficial vessels drain the scalp, face and neck into the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the neck and head
What is the role of deep vessels?
Deep vessels arise from deep cervical lymph nodes an converge to form the left and right jugular lymphatic trunks
Both trunks drain into the thoracic duct at the base of the neck
What are the main supplies of nerves to the neck?
The three main supplies to the neck region are:
- Those arising from the spinal nerves C1-C8
- Those arising from the cranial nerves
- Autonomic supply to neck structures, both sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is the cervical plexus made up of?
See print out
What are the cranial nerve supplies to the head and neck?
There are a number of cranial nerves that supply the structures we’re interested in
