10: Anatomy Of The Skull And Neck

Question 1

What is the skull made up of?

Answer 1

The skull is made up of a number of separate bones that fit together

The skull has 21 different bones- see print out for names

Question 2

Describe the properties of the bones of the skull:

Answer 2

The bones that make up the skull are both spongy and compact in a combination that is lightweight and provides great resilience to impact

Question 3

What is the role of the skull?

Answer 3

The role of the skull is to: provide protection for many of the most sensitive and delicate structures of the body, including:

1. The brain
2. The eyes
3. Hearing apparatus
4. Balance apparatus
5. Olfactory apparatus
6. Passageways for air and food

Question 4

What are the classifications of the structures of the neck?

Answer 4

The structures of the neck can be classed as:

1. Bony
2. Muscular
3. Vascular
4. Neural
5. Respiratory
6. Gustatory
7. Glandular

Question 5

Which are the bony structures of the neck?

Answer 5

The bony structures of the neck are the cervical vertebrae C1-C7 and the hyoid bone

Question 6

What are the roles of the bony structures?

Answer 6

The roles of the bony structures include:

1. Enabling head movement by articulating surfaces. Eg: enables nodding and shaking movement and tilting
2. Pairs of vertebrae forma a foreman through which escape the spinal nerves

Question 7

Which of the neck structures are the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 7

The cervical vertebrae are C1-C7

See print out for list of names

Question 8

Where is the hyoid bone located?

Answer 8

The hyoid bone is located just below the mandible, suspended above and below by muscles and igaments

Question 9

What is the role of the hyoid bone?

Answer 9

The hyoid bone doesn’t have any direct articulations with other bones

Muscles and ligaments above the hyoid attach to the skull and below to some muscles of the tongue and the muscles that elevate the larynx during speech and swallowing

Question 10

What are the roles of the muscles of the neck?

Answer 10

The main roles of the muscles of the neck are involvement in movement of the head and hyoid

The neck muscles are indirect contributors to the movement of the tongue, larynx and upper body

Question 11

What is the structure of the muscles in the neck?

Answer 11

There are a number of muscles in the neck. Their multiplicity makes it hard to identify them separately, so different views and aspects are used to do so

Question 12

What is sternocleidomastoid action?

Answer 12

Sternocleidomastoid action is the flexion, rotation and lateral flexion of the cervical spine

Question 13

What is platysma?

Answer 13

The platysma is a muscle in the neck that depresses the jaw

Question 14

What is the role of the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid?

Answer 14

The thyrohyoid depresses the hyoid and larynx

Question 15

What is the role of the omohyoid?

Answer 15

The omohyoid depresses the hyoid

Question 16

What is the role of the digastric?

Answer 16

The digastric elevates the hyoid and depresses the jaw

Question 17

What are the roles of the mylohyoid and stylohyoid?

Answer 17

The roles of the mylohyoid and stylohyoid are to elevate the hyoid

Question 18

What is the role of the scalene?

Answer 18

The scalene elevates the ribs and moves the cervical spine

Question 19

What is the role of the longissimus capitis?

Answer 19

The role of the longissimus is to extend, rotate and laterally flex the neck

Question 20

What are the roles of the semispinalis capitis and the semispinalis cervicis?

Answer 20

The semispinalis capitis and cervicis extend and rotate the spine

Question 21

What are the roles of the splenius capitis and cervicis?

Answer 21

The splenius capitis and cervicis laterally flex and rotate the cervical spine

Question 22

What is the role of the rectus capitalis posterior?

Answer 22

The rectus capitalis posterior major and minor extend, rotate and laterally flex the cervical spine

Question 23

What is the role of the obliquus capits?

Answer 23

The superior and inferior obliquus capitis extend, rotate and laterally flex the atlas

Question 24

Blood vessels of the neck:

Answer 24

See print out diagrams

Question 25

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

The role of the lymphatic system is to:

1. Drain tissue fluid, plasma proteins and other cellular debris back into the bloodstream
2. Contribute to the immune defence system

Question 26

What is the role of the lymph nodes?

Answer 26

The lymph nodes filter the lymph

Question 27

Where does drained lymph go?

Answer 27

Lymph is drained from the tissues and enters the lymphatic vessels and into the lymph nodes. After being drained in the lymph nodes, it drains into the venous system

Question 28

What are the major groups of the lymphatic vessels of the head and neck?

Answer 28

The lymphatic vessels of the head and neck fall into two major groups:

1. Superficial
2. Deep

Question 29

What is the role of superficial vessels?

Answer 29

Superficial vessels drain the scalp, face and neck into the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the neck and head

Question 30

What is the role of deep vessels?

Answer 30

Deep vessels arise from deep cervical lymph nodes an converge to form the left and right jugular lymphatic trunks

Both trunks drain into the thoracic duct at the base of the neck

Question 31

What are the main supplies of nerves to the neck?

Answer 31

The three main supplies to the neck region are:

1. Those arising from the spinal nerves C1-C8
2. Those arising from the cranial nerves
3. Autonomic supply to neck structures, both sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 32

What is the cervical plexus made up of?

Answer 32

See print out

Question 33

What are the cranial nerve supplies to the head and neck?

Answer 33

There are a number of cranial nerves that supply the structures we’re interested in