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SF2 - Test 3 > 4 - Stress/Coping, Addiction, Behavioral Pain > Flashcards

4 - Stress/Coping, Addiction, Behavioral Pain Flashcards

1
Q

(Pain)

Two Main Pathways

A

Sensory/Discriminative Pain = Where

Affective-Motivational Pain = How much pain*

*Detrimental during chronic situations

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2
Q

(Pain)

Periaqueductal Gray

A

Modulate pain

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3
Q

(Pain)

Amygdala

A

Anxiety in psychiatry, fight or flight, etc.

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4
Q

(Pain)

Modulation Pathway

A

Periaqueductal Gray

I

Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (Serotonin)

I

  1. Ascending to Thalamus
  2. Descening to Spinal Cord (turn down pain signal)
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5
Q

(Pain)

Allodynia

Hyperalgesia

A

Allodynia - Painful non-noxious stimuli

Hyperalgesia - Mildly painful stimuli become much more painful

SUNBURN:

Allodynia = putting on your shirt

Sunburn gives you Hyperalgesia

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6
Q

(Pain)

Pain Tolderance Spectrum

Motivation Pathways ?

Increased Activation ?

A

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), PreFrontal Cortex (PFC)

Somatosensory Cortex

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7
Q

(Pain)

What gene may govern pain sensitivity?

A

COMT

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8
Q

(Pain)

What areas of brain play a role in Placebo?

A

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex - Cognitive Control

Orbitofrontal Cortex - Evaluative/Reward

Periaqueductal Gray - Enkephalin neurons, modulation of dorsal raphe nucleus (serotonin–down regulate pain)

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9
Q

(Pain)

Stress-Induced Analgesia

A

Under extreme stress, pain sensors can be shut down

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10
Q

(Pain)

Chronic Pain

A

Neuropathic Pain dervies from nerve injury, not tissue damage

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11
Q

(Pain)

Pain Memory - Phantom Pain

A

After amputation, patients sometimes continue to experience pain that was present prior to the surgery

Local anesthesia in affected limb prior to surgery can help

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12
Q

(Pain)

Gray Matter Loss

A

Chronic pain can cause brain atrophy; hinder ability to down regulate pain

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13
Q

(Pain)

Early vs Late Stages of Pain

A

Early: Acute, Fear, Anxiety

Middle: Learned helplessness, depression, anger, substance abuse

Late: Acceptance of “sick role”, excused from socual obligations

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14
Q

(Pain)

Depression & Antidepressants

A

Target Serotonin / Norepinephrine

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15
Q

(Pain)

Addiction in Patients with Pain

A

Those in pain are vulnerable to addiction, esp. Optiates, gain addiction following trauma

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16
Q

(Pain)

Aberrant Behaviors in Patients with Pain

A

Selling RX drugs

Forging RX

Stealing drugs

Using other non-prescribed drugs

17
Q

(Addiction)

Dependence

Tolerance

Withdrawal

Addiction

A

Dependence: Need for drug to avoid withdrawal

Tolerance: Repeated use requires more for same effect

Withdrawal: Physical/psychological symptoms, keep people form quitting

Addiction: Inability to control drug use, impulsive/compulsive behavoiors

18
Q

(Addiction)

Dependence vs Addiction

A

Dependence: includes withdrawal

Addiction: impulsive behaviors

19
Q

(Addiction)

Reward center of brain?

Neurotransmitter?

A

Nucleus Accumbens

Dopamine

20
Q

(Stress)

Define Stress

A

Any emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological and behavioral changes

21
Q

(Stress)

Purpose

A

Focuses attention toward problem resolution, orients to threat or demands

22
Q

(Stress)

Fight or Flight

A

Predictable cognitive, emotiona, and physiological reactions to stress

23
Q

(Stress)

Major brain areas?

A

Amygdala in temporal lobes, hypothalamus

Hypothalamus communicates information through nervous system

24
Q

(Stress)

Autonomic Nervous System

Divisions

A

Controls involuntary body functions (homeostasis)

Sympathetics (epinephrine) - Fight or Flight

Parasympathetics (norepinephrine) - Rest and Digest

25
Q

(Stress)

What is the primary and secondary activations in stress?

A

Primary: Epinephrine (Fight or Flight)

Secondary: HPA Axis - Hyptothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal

Sympathetic will remain engaged if threat perceived

26
Q

(Stress)

General Adaptation Syndrome

A
  1. Alarm: React, First: SNS, Second: HPA Axis
  2. Resistance: Adaptation to stress, Cortisol
  3. Exhaustion: Resources depleted
27
Q

(Stress)

Completion of threat?

A

Cortisol decrease

Parasympathetic Nervous System engaged

28
Q

(Stress)

Danger of chronic cortisol release

A

weight gain

29
Q

(Stress)

Dysfunctional Stress - Adverse Child Experiences

A

Abuse, neglect, ill parent, drug/alc abuse, divorce, violence

30
Q

(Stress)

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

Diathesis: Biological/Social/Psychological Factor

+

Stress: Biological/Social/Psychological Trigger

=

Disorder

31
Q
A

SF2 - Test 3 (25 decks)

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