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SF2 - Test 3 > 1 - External Anatomy of Brainstem > Flashcards

1 - External Anatomy of Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Three Divisions of Brainstem?

Developmental Origin?

A

Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

Pons (Metencephalon)

Medulla (Myelencephalon)

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2
Q

Cranial Nerves of the Brainstem?

A

CN III - CN XII

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3
Q

Major Ascending and Descending tracts in the brainstem? (Long Tracts)

A

Sensory:

Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscus (ascending)

Anterolateral System (ascending)

Motor:

Motor Cortex - Corticospinal, Corticobulbar, Corticopontine (descending)

Sympathetics (descending)

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4
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Diffuse core of neurons

Consciousness/Arousal

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5
Q

Vertebrobasilar System

A

Blood supply to the brainstem and cerebellum

Ventral Surface of Medulla: Vertebral Arteries–>Basilar Artery

Pontomesencephalic Jx: Posterior Cerebral Arteries (x2)

Other branches: AICA/PICA, Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA), Anterior Spinal Artery

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6
Q

Arterial Supply to Midbrain

A

Paramedian Branches of the Basilar Artery (Medial)

Posterior Cerebral Artery (Lateral)

Superior Cerebellar Artery (Tectum)

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7
Q

Arterial Supply to Medulla

A

Anterior Spinal Artery (medial)

Vertebral Arteries

PICA (lateral)

AICA (lateral rostral medulla)

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8
Q

CN III Location

A

Exit ventral midbrain, between PCA and SCA

Enters Interpeduncular Fossa

MIDBRAIN level

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9
Q

CN IV Location

A

Only cranial nerve to exit the ventral surface

Fibers that form the nerve cross the midline just before exiting the ventral surface of the midbrain

MIDBRAIN level

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10
Q

Midbrain Level Cranial Nerves?

A

III

IV

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11
Q

Pons Level Cranial Nerves

A

CN V

CN VI

CN VII

CN VIII

(5, 6, 7, 8)

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12
Q

What cranial nerves exit at the pontomedullary junction?

A

6, 7, 8

(medial to lateral)

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13
Q

Medulla Level Cranial Nerves?

A

CN IX

CN X

CN XI

CN XII

(9, 10, 11, 12)

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14
Q

What nerves exit at the post-olivary sulcus?

A

9, 10

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15
Q

What nerve exits through the jugular foramen?

A

XI

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16
Q

What nerve exits the pre-olivary sulcus?

A

CN XII

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17
Q

Surface Landmarks of the Midbrain:

Sulcus Limitans

A

Dividing line between motor (medial) and sensory (lateral) nuclei

18
Q

Surface Landmarks of the Midbrain:

Trochlear Nerve

A

Border of Midbrain and Pons

19
Q

Surface Landmarks of the Midbrain:

Striae Medullares

A

Border of Pons and Medulla

20
Q

Surface Landmarks of the Midbrain:

Obex

A

Caudal end of 4th Ventricle

21
Q

Clinical: Pineal Gland

Function?

Tumors?

A

Function: Produces Melatonin

Tumors: Adj to Superior Colliculi; tumors can compress Tectum/Cerebral Aquaduct

22
Q

Surface Landmarks - Internal Structures:

Facial Colliculus

A

Abducens Nucleus; internal fibers of the facial nerve

23
Q

Surface Landmarks - Internal Structures:

Hypoglossal and Vagal Trigones, Vestibular Area

A

Nuclei of same name

24
Q

Surface Landmarks - Internal Structures:

Gracile and Cuneate Tubercles

A

Nuclei of the same name

25
Q

Surface Landmarks - Internal Structures:

Brachio of Superior and Inferior Colliculi

A

Fiber bundes leaving colliculi

26
Q

Surface Landmarks - Internal Structures:

Fasciculus Cuneatus and Gracilus

A

Dorsal colums- fine touch, vibration, conscious proprioception

27
Q

Surface Landmarks - Internal Structures:

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle (brachium conjunctivium)

A

Predominantly efferent fibers from cerebellum

28
Q

Surface Landmarks - Internal Structures:

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium Pontis)

A

Afferent fibers to cerebellum from pons (pontine nuclei)

29
Q

Surface Landmarks - Internal Structures:

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (restiform and juxtarestiform bodies)

A

Connect Medulla and Spinal Cord to cerebellum

(afferents and efferents)

30
Q

Arteries

31
Q

Cranial Nerves

32
Q

Cranial Nerves 2

33
Q

Cranial Nerves 3

34
Q

Cranial Nerves 4

36
Q

Boundaries

37
Q

Internal Structures

38
Q

Internal Structures 2

39
Q

Internal Structures 3

40
Q

Internal Structures 4

41
Q

Internal Structures 5

SF2 - Test 3 (25 decks)

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