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Endo/Repro Exam 2 > 4. Reproductive: Gynecology > Flashcards

4. Reproductive: Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the uterus?

A
  1. Fundus of the uterus - located between the two uterine horns
  2. Body of the uterus (uterine horns, uterine cavity, internal uterine os) - upper 2/3 of the uterus
  3. Isthmus of the uterus- where body tapers into the cervix
  4. Cervix of the uterus (cervical canal and the external uterine os)- cylinder shaped and protrudes into the vagina
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2
Q

how does the ratio of the uterus change over ones lifetimes?

Newborn

Post-partum

Puberty

Nulliparous

Multiparous

Menopause

A

The uterus is heavily influenced by hormonal changes.

  • Newborn: 2:1 body to cervix ratio due to moms hormones
  • Post-partum (4. y.o): 1:1 ratio
  • Puberty: 2:1 ratio until menopause.
  • Never given birth (nulliparous): 2:1
  • Multiparous adult: 3:1
  • Menopause: 1:1 ratio
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3
Q

What are the uterine horns?

A

Where the uterine tubes make contact with the uterus.

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4
Q

The inside of the body of the uterus is called ____________.

A

Uterine cavity, which extends until the internal os of the uterus, the passageway from the uterine cavity -> cervical canal.

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5
Q

The cervix can be divided what parts

A
  1. Supravaginal part: from ithmus -> vaginal part
  2. Vaginal part: part of the cervix that goes vagina, surrounded by a fornix.
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6
Q

The inside of the cervix is called what?

A

Cervical canal, from internal uterine os-> external uterine os, which opens to the vagina.

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7
Q

Until the 1940’s what was the leading cause of death in North American women and why did this end?

A
  • Cervical cancer, until the papanicolaou smear was invented.
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8
Q

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

A
  1. Perimetrium- outer layer, a serous coat of peritoneum
  2. Myometrium- middle muscular layer that is vascular
  3. Endometrium- inner mucous layer that is adhered to the myometrium
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9
Q

What is a hysterectomy?

A

Removal of the uterus through the anterior abdominal wall or vagina.

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10
Q

What are the types of hysterectomy?

A
  • 1. Partial hysterectomy: remove the uterus but leave the cervix.
  • 2. Total hysterectomy: remove uterus (+ cervix), but leave the uterine tubes, ovaries and vagina.
  • 3. Radical hysterectomy: remove EVERYTHING. entire uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries and vagina.
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11
Q

What are the 6 ligamentous structures of the uterus?

A
  1. Broad Ligament of the Uterus (made up of peritoneum)
    1. made up of mesometrium, mesovarium and mesoalpinx
  2. Suspensory L. of the Ovary - (layer of peritoneum that wraps around the ovarian blood vessels).
  3. Round Ligament of the Uterus (remnant of the lower part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the lateral uterus -> mesometrium -> labia Majora via the Inguinal Canal)
  4. Ovarian L. (remnant of the upper part of the Ovarian Gubernaculum, extends from the Lateral Uterine Wall –> mesometrium -> Ovary.
  5. Transverse Cervical L.
  6. Uterosacral L.
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12
Q

What 3 things come off of the lateral wall of the uterus?

A
  1. Round L of the uterus
  2. Uterine tubes
  3. Ovarian L (ligament of the ovary) -> attaches uterus to ovary
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13
Q

Describe the transverse cervical L (or cardinal L)

A

Part of the condensed endopelvic fascia (middle lamina of the hypogastric sheath)

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14
Q

_________ L. is part of the tendinous arch of the. pelvic fascia

(_________ membraneous pelvic fascia)

A

Uterosacral L.

Parietal membranous pelvic fascia.

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15
Q

What is the path of an oocyte?

A
  1. Come off of ovary
  2. -> abdominal ostium
  3. -> into the infundibulum of the uterine tube
  4. Ampulla of the uterine tube
  5. Isthmus of the uterine tube
  6. uterine part of the uterine tube
  7. Uterine ostrium
  8. Uterine cavity
  9. Internal uterine os
  10. cervical canal
  11. External uterine os
  12. Vagina
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16
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

A

Fimbriae of the. uterine. tubes

ovarian fimbrion

  1. Abdominal ostrium- opening of the infundibulum of the uterine tubes from the peritoneal cavity
  2. Infundibulum of the uterine tube
  3. Ampulla of the uterine tube (longest portion
  4. Isthmus of the uterine tube (thick wall that enters the uterine horn)
  5. Uterine part of the uterine tube (short part is located inside the uterus)

Fimbriae of the. uterine. tubes

ovarian fimbrion

  1. Uterine ostrium (opening of the uterine tube that leads to the uterine cavity).
17
Q

What are the long fingerlike projections at the end of the infundibulum?

A

Fimbriae. The on that attaches to the ovary is called the ovarian fimbRION.

18
Q

How is ligation of the uterine tubes performed and what is the purpose?

A
  • abdominally or lapriscopically through BB.
  • Ligate uterine tubes via (banded, cauterize or tie and cut) so the oocyte never reaches the uterine cavity.
19
Q

What is the vagina?

A

musculomembranous tube from the Cervix of the Uterus ->

Vestibule of the Vagina. (located. between. the labia minor and usually. a collapsed tube

20
Q

What forms as a result of the cervix protruding into the vagina?

A

1. Anterior vaginal fornix

2. Posterior vaginal fornix

21
Q

What is a perineum?

A

external part that has the womans external genetilia or pudendum (vulva).

22
Q

Know what the

  • mons pubis
  • pudendal cleft (slit between majora)
  • labia majoria (anterior and posterior labial commissue)
  • labia minora (frenulum of labia minora)
  • clitoris

are.

A

PUDENDUM= womans external genetala

Anterior Labial Commissure -> where L/R anterior labia major meet

Posterior Labial Commissure-> posterior limit of the pudendum

23
Q

What is usually. not present. after first vaginal birth?

A

Posterior Labial Commissure

24
Q

___________ is a. small transverse mucosal fold that exists before sex.

A

frenulum of labia minora

25
Q

What are the parts of the clitoris?

know location on vag

A
  1. Glans Clitoris
  2. Angle of Clitoris- junction of the body of the clitoris and the crura of the clitoris
  3. Body of Clitoris
  4. R and L crus of the clitoris
  5. Prepuce of Clitoris - anterior junction of labia minor and goes over glans clitoris
  6. Frenula of the Clitoris skin- behind clitoris -> labia minora
26
Q

What is the vaginal vestibule

A

vaginal vestibule is located betewen labia minora and contains the vaginal and external urethral orifices.

27
Q

KNOW:

  • *Vaginal Vestibule (between paired Labia Minora, contains the Vaginal and External Urethral Orifices)**
    a. External Urethral Orifice (exit point of the Urethra)
    b. Vaginal Orifice (opening of the Vagina) has your hymen in it.

c. Bulbs of Vestibule (paired, elongated erectile tissue, surrounding the Vaginal Orifice, homologous to the Bulb and the Corpus Spongiosum of the Penis)

d. Greater Vestibular Glands (paired glands, posterior to the Bulbs of the Vestibule, on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus upon sexual arousal). MIIIIIIGHT SEE IN LAB.

e. Lesser Vestibular Glands (paired glands on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus between External Urethral Orifice and Vaginal Orifice moistening Labia and Vaginal Vestibule) WILL NOT SEE in LAB.

A
28
Q

What is the labia minora?

A

fat-free, hairless. skin in the pudendal cleft and labia majora

Surrounds the vestibule of the vagina.

Endo/Repro Exam 2 (17 decks)

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