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Endo/Repro Exam 2 > 3. Urology, GE and Andrology > Flashcards

3. Urology, GE and Andrology Flashcards

1
Q

the urinary bladder connects to what?

A
  • 2 ureters
  • Urethra
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2
Q

What forms the urinary trigone?

A
  1. 2 uteric orifices (openings of the ureters into the urinary bladder)
  2. internal urethral orifice (opening for the urethra in the neck of the bladder)
  3. Interureteric fold is the top part of the trigone that joins both of the uteric openings
  4. Uvula of the urinary bladder -> swelling of the bladder at the internal urethral orifice
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3
Q

Interureteric fold

A

superior limit of the trigone that joins both uteric openings

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4
Q

What are the parts of the urinary bladder and what muscle/fascia surrounds it?

A
  1. Apex of the urinary bladder

2. Body of the urinary bladder

  1. Fundus of the urinary bladder
  2. Neck of the urinary bladder - narrow into the urethra are the involuntary internal sphincter

It is surrounded by detrusor muscle, which is surrounded by vesical fascia (loose CT)

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5
Q

Wall of the urinary bladder is made up of what?

A

detrusor muscle

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6
Q

Describe the parts of the male urethra

A

1. Preprostatic urethra- in the neck of the urinary bladder

2. Prostatic urethra- in the prostate gland and communicates with [prostatic utricle and ejaculatory duct]

3. Membranous urethra- short part that goes through the external urethral spincter

4. Spongy urethra- located inside the corpus spongiosum

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7
Q

What are the parts of the prostatic urethra?

A
  1. Urethral crest - swelling in the middle of the prostatic urethra and is surrounded on both sides by a prostatic sinus.
  2. Prostatic sinus- space that surrounds the the urethral crest and seminal colliculus. It has openings for the prostatic ductules, where prostatic fluid drains into the prostatic sinus.
  3. Seminal colliculus- mound on the urethral crest that has 3 openings: prostatic utricle and the openings for the ejaculatory ducts.
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8
Q

What is the prostatic utricle?

Embryological origin?

A

A blind-ended pouch on the seminal colliculus that is a a remnant of uterovaginal canal.

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9
Q

What are the parts of the spongy urethra?

A

1. Intrabulbar fossa* - swelling in the bulb of the penis that receives secretions from the bulbourethral glands.

2. Navicular fossa*- swelling in the glans penis

3. Urethral glands- glands that secrete mucus into the spongy urethra

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10
Q

Female urethra conveys pee from ______________ –> ___________

A

urinary bladder -> external urethral orifice in the vestibule of the vagina.

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11
Q

What glands are located in the female urethra?

A
  1. Paraurethral glands (homologous to prostate gland) -> sends secretions -> common duct -> area near the external urethral orifice.
  2. Urethral glands-> glands that secrete mucus into urethra.
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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of the rectum we should know?

A
  1. Transverse Rectal Folds- three folds of mucus and submucus layers
  2. Anorectal Flexure- located at the levator ani ms. and is important for fecal continence
  3. Rectal Ampulla- located in between transverse rectal folds and holds poop until we gotta go.
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13
Q

What separates the rectum from the anal canal?

A

Anorectal junction

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14
Q

What is the anal canal and what makes it up?

A

Located between rectum -> external anal orifice

    1. Anal columns- contain termainal branches of superior rectal A and V.
    1. Anal valves
    1. Anal sinuses- secrete mucus to help poop.
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15
Q

External penis is made up of what raphe (midline skin fold)?

A
    1. Penile raphe- fold of skin between glans pens -> scrotum
    1. Scrotal raphe-> on balls
    1. Perineal raphe-> between scrotal raphe and anus
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16
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A
    1. Ductus deferens
    1. Testicular A.
    1. Pampiniform venous plexus
    1. Autnomic sensory N.
    1. Genital branch of the genitofemoral N.
    1. Lymph vessels that drain into lumbar LN.
    1. Artery to the ductus deferens
    1. Cremasteric A.
    1. Ilioinguinal N.
17
Q

∂What is the ductus deferens and what is its. path?

A

Tube that carries sperm.

Begins at the tail of the of epididymis -> travels through inguinal canal as part of the spermatic cord -> pelvis -> swells to the ampulla of the ductus deferens -> joins the ducts of the seminal vesicles -> posterior to urinary bladder-> form ejaculatory ducts

18
Q

What is the ampulla of the ductus deferens?

A

swelling inside the pelvis that. is closest to the ejaculatory ducts

19
Q

CN: what is a deferentectomy (vasectomy)?

A

ligation and/or excision of the Ductus Deferens made by an incision the superior Scrotum, so semen wont have sperm

20
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum?

A
    1. Skin
    1. Dartos Fascia (from membranous supercicial fascia);
    1. Dartos M (smooth m. that makes balls looks wrinkled).
21
Q

What are the layers of the spermatic cord from superficial -> deep?

A
  1. External Spermatic Fascia (derived from External Oblique M. Aponeurosis)
  2. Cremasteric Fascia (derived from the Internal Oblique M. aponeurosis) and Cremaster M. (derived from the Internal Oblique M. aponeurosis, reflexively draws the Testis superiorly to keep at optimum temperature for Spermatogenesis It is innervated by the Genital Branch of the Genitofemoral N.)
  3. Internal Spermatic Fascia (derived from the Transversalis Fascia)
22
Q

Layers of testes

A
  1. Tunica albuginea (adheres to testes)
  2. Tunica vaginalis (doubled layered, closed peritoneal sac that covers the testis and epidymis): Parietal tunica vaginalis and visceral tunica vaginalis.
23
Q

What is located insides testis?

A

Seminiferous tubules (where sperm form) -> become straight tubules -> rete testis (sinusoidal spaces where sperm enter efferent ductules of the epidymis).

that are seperated by invaginations of the tunica albuginea that form septum.

24
Q

Parts of the epididymis?

A
  • 1. Head
  • 2. Body
  • 3. Tail
  • 4. Efferent ductules, which transfer the sperm from rete testes -> head and body of epididymis.
25
Q

What are the regional organizations of the penis?

A
  1. Root
  2. Body
  3. Glands penis
26
Q

root of the penis includes what?

A
  1. Bulb and Crura of the Penis,
  2. Bulbospongiosus M. and
  3. Ischiocavernosus M.
27
Q

Body of the Penis includes what?

A
  1. Connective tissue,
  2. Paired corporus cavernosum
  3. Corpus spongiosum
  4. Spongy urethra
28
Q

Glans penis is continuous with. what?

A

corpus spongiosum proximally

29
Q

How is the erectile tissue of the penis organized?

A

3 cylinders of erectile tissue

    1. Two dorsal cylinders of penile erectile tissue
    1. Ventral cylinder of penile erectile tissue
30
Q

Describe the ventral cylinder of the penile erectile tissue.

A

ventral and unpaired. Depending on what part of the penis you are talking about, its name changes.

  • In root: bulb of the penis
  • In body: corpus spongiosum- transmits the spongy urethra
  • In glans penis: glans penis (expamnsion of the corpus spongiosum) that has a corona of the glans, neck of the glans.
31
Q

Describe the dorsal cylinder of the penile erectile tissue.

A

Paired dorsal cylinder: changes name depending on where you are talking about.

In root: L and R crus of the penis

In body: Corpus cavernosum (with deep a. of the penis running through).

32
Q

________ is th exit point of the Urethra at the tip of the Glans Penis.

A

External Urethra Orifice

33
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

Unpaired, largest accessory gland that makes prostatic fluid, which makes up 20% of semen.

34
Q

CN: Why and what happens when prostate gland enlarges?

A
  • Occurs with increasing age and can impinge on the Prostatic Urethra, impeding urination.
  • Enlargement of the Prostate Gland and Prostatic Cancer can both be determined by Digital Rectal Examination
35
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A

Located in btween urinary bladder and rectum and secrete a fluid that becomes part of the semen.

36
Q

What conveys the secretion from seminal vesicle -> ejaculatory duct?

A

Duct of the seminal vesicle

37
Q

What two things come together to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

1. Ampulla of the ductus deferens

2. Ducts of the seminal vesicle

  • Empty into the prostatic urethra through the openings for the ejaculatory ducts located on the seminal colliculus, located on the side of the prostatic utricle.
38
Q

What makes pre-cum?

A

Bulbourethral glands.

The ducts of the bulbourethral gland sends it to the intrabulbar fossa of the spongy urethra.

Endo/Repro Exam 2 (17 decks)

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