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Endo/Repro Exam 2 > 1: Pelvic and Perineal Osteology and Arthrology > Flashcards

1: Pelvic and Perineal Osteology and Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dividing line in between the abdomen and the pelvis?

A

Pelvic brim

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2
Q

Where is the true pelvis located?

A

In between the pelvic brim and the pelvic diaphragm.

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3
Q

What is the linea terminalis made up of?

A
  1. Arcuate line of thte ilum
  2. Pectin pubis
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4
Q

What is the linea terminalis?

A

Coxal contribution to the pelvic brim; made up of the arcuate line of the ilium and the pecten pubis.

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5
Q

What is the transition point between the trunk and LE?

A

pelvis

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6
Q

What makes up the iliac ala?

A
  • 1. Anterior gluteal line of the ilium
  • 2. Posterior gluteal line of the ilium
  • 3. Inferior gluteal line of the ilium
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7
Q

What are the parts of the coxal bone?

A
  • 1. Ilium
  • 2. Pubis
  • 3. Ischium
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8
Q

What makes up the bony pelvis?

A
  • 1. Paired coxal bones
  • 2. Sacrum
  • 3. Coccyx
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9
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

Paired coxal bones, which are joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis.

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10
Q

What is the difference between the pubic arch and the supubic angle?

A
  • Pubic arch -> bony arch in between the R/L inferior pubic and ischial rami
  • Subpubic angle -> the angle that the pubic arch creates
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11
Q

CN: Describe L5 spondylolysis and L5 spondylothesis.

A
  • L5 Spondyloysis -> separation of the vertebral arch from the vertebral body.
  • L5 spondylolisthesis -> anterior displacement of L5 from the sacrum
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12
Q

What makes up the pelvic canal?

A

The pelvic canal is the passageway in between the superior pelvic aperture and the inferior pelvic aperture.

  • Superior pelvic aperture (pelvic inlet) is located at the pelvic brim, between the greater and lesser pelvis.
  • Inferior pelvic aperature (pelvic outlet)
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13
Q

What are the sexual diferences in M and F pelvis?

A
  • Males: thicker, heavier, a deeper greater pelvis, narroer and deeper lesser pelvis, android pelvic inlet, small pelvic outlet, narrow pubic arch, round obturator foramen and large acetabulum.
  • Females have thinner, lighter pelvis, a shallow greater Pelvis, wide and shallow lesser Pelvis, Gynecoid Pelvic Inlet, large Pelvic Outlet, wide Pubic Arch, oval-shaped Obturator Foramen and small Acetabulum.
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14
Q

Classic pelvis shapes in M and W are called what?

A
  • M: android
  • W: Gynecoid
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15
Q

What are the abnormal pelvic shapes that may cause childbirth do be difficult?

A
  1. Anthropoid (elongated anterior to posterior).
  2. Platypelloid (elongated laterally)
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16
Q

How do we measure to determine if a woman is a good candidate for vaginal childbirth?

A

Measure pelvic diameters (conjugates)

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17
Q

CN: Pelvic fractures (crush fractures)

A

Pelvis fractures almost always involves multiple fractures because the articulated pelvis is a bony ring and hard to break in only 1 place. Bc of this, the superior and inferior pubic rami are often broken on both sides.

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18
Q

What do we have to know for chondrology of the pelvis?

A

Interpubic disc is a fibrocartilaginous disc in between the L/R pubic symphyseal surfaces.

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19
Q

What type joint is the lumbosacral joint?

A

In between L5 and sacrum

Intervertebral joint: symphysis

Zygopophyseal joint (in between the articular processes): planar synovial

20
Q

What ligaments make up the lumbosacral joint?

A
    1. Anterior longitudinal L - ventral surface of the vertebral bodies
    1. Posterior longitudinal L- dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies, on the anterior wall of the sacral canal
    1. Ligamentum flavum- travel on the posterior wall of the sacral canal, ventral to the vertebral laminae
    1. Iliolumbar L (goes from L5 TP -> iliac crest)
    1. lumbosacral (foes from L5 TP -> body of the sacral ala)
21
Q

What ligaments are absent from the lumbosacral joint?

A
  • 1. Interspinous L.
  • 2. Intertransverse L.
  • 3. Supraspinous L.
22
Q

What joint makes up the pelvic girdle?

A
  • Pubic symphysis: symphysis
23
Q

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

A
    1. Obturator membrane
    1. Inguinal L.
    1. Pubic symphysis
    1. Transverse acetular L: stretches across the acetabular notch
24
Q

What holds together the pubic symphysis?

A

1. Superior pubic L

2. Inferior pubic L.

3. Interpubic disk

25
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint and what type of joint is it?

A

SI joint connects the ilium of the coxal bone and the sacrum.

  1. Compound joint (planar synovial and fibrous syndesmosis):
  • Planar synovial: between the auricular surface of the sacrum and articular surface of the ilium
  • Fibrous syndesmosis: posteriorly between the sacral and ischial tuberosities
26
Q

What holds the SI joint together?

A

1. Sacrospinous L: ventral sacrum -> ischial spine

2. Sacrotuberous L: ventral sacrum -> ischial tuberosity.

3. Posterior Sacroiliac L, which is made up of two parts:

  • a. Long posterior sacroiliac L
  • b. Short posterior sacroiliac L.

4. Anterior sacroiliac L.

5. Interosseous sacroiliac L.

27
Q

Which L make the borders that creates the greater/lesser sciatic foramen from the greater/lesser sciatic notch?

A

1. Sacrotuberous L.

2. Sacrospinous L.

28
Q

What kind of joint is the sacrococcygeal joint and what ligaments hold it together?

A

Sacrococcygeal joint is a symphysis joint.

Held together by:

  1. anterior sacrococcygeal L
  2. posterior sacrococcygeal L
29
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A
  • Peritoneum is a membrane that dips down out of the abdomen -> pelvis -> back up and covers, but does not surround the pelvic viscera (organs).
30
Q

In a male, what does the peritoneum cover and form?

A

In males, the peritoneum covers the bladder and rectum, forming

    1. Paravesical fossa- depressed area on either side of the bladder lined with peritoneum
    1. Pararectal fossa - depressed area on either side of the rectum lined with peritoneum
    1. Rectovesical pouch- depressed area between the rectum and bladder lined with peritoneum
31
Q

In a female, what does the peritoneum cover?

A
  • 1. Bladder
  • 2. Uterus
  • 3. Uterine tubes
  • 4. Ovaries
  • 5. Rectum
32
Q

In a female, what does the peritoneum form?

A

1. Paravesical fossa-depressed area on either side of the bladder lined with peritoneum

  1. Pararectal fossa- depressed area on either side of the bladder lined with peritoneum
  2. Vesicouterine pouch- pouch between the bladder and uterus lined with peritoneum
  3. Rectouterine pouch- pouch between the uterus and the rectum lined with peritoneum
  4. Broad ligament of the uterus made up of 3 parts
33
Q

In a female, one of the things the peritoneum forms is the broad ligament of the uterus. What is this and what is it made up of?

A

In a female, the broad ligament of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneum (mesentrary) that has 3 parts + the suspensory L of the ovary

    1. Mesometrium- covers the uterus, L of the ovary and round liagment of the uterus.
    1. Mesosalpinx- covers the uterine tubes
    1. Mesovarium- covers the ovaries.
    1. Suspensory. L of the ovary- lateral extension from the ovary that has the ovarian vessels
34
Q

What are the two types of pelvic fascia?

A
  • 1. Membranous pelvic fascia
  • 2. Endopelvic fascia
35
Q

Describe the components of the membranous pelvic fascia.

A

There are two types of [membranous pelvic fascia]:

    1. Parietal membranous pelvic fascia, which lines the muscular walls of the pelvis such as the obturator internus m., piriformis m., levator ani m., and coccygeus m.
    1. Visceral membranous pelvic fascia- surrounds internal organs, except at the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia (where the parietal and visceral layers come together.
36
Q

What are the two types of parietal membranous pelvic fascia?

A
  1. Obturator fascia- lines the pelvic side of the obturator internus m. and forms the pudendal canal (which transmits pudendal N/A and tendinous arch of the levator ani ms.
  2. Tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia, which is made up of
  • In males: puboprostatic L (anterior part) and sacrogenital L (posterior ), called the rectoprostatic L in M.
  • In females: pubovesicle L (anterior part) and sacrogenital L (posterior), called the uterosacral L in F.
37
Q

In M, what makes up the

Tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia?

A

In males:

  1. puboprostatic L (anterior part)
  2. sacrogenital L (posterior ), called the rectoprostatic L in M.
38
Q

In F, what makes up the

Tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia?

A

In females:

  1. pubovesicle L (anterior part)
  2. sacrogenital L (posterior), called the uterosacral L in F.
39
Q

Describe the endopelvic fascia.

A

Endopelvic fascia is made up of

1. Loose endopelvic fascia (fat filled spaces)

2. Condensed endopelvic fascia (aka hypogastric sheath), which has alot of collagen and elastic fibers and compartmentalizes the loose endopelvic fascia.

40
Q

What makes up the loose endopelvic fascia?

A
    1. Retropubic space: continuous with the paravesical space and located in between the pubis and bladder
  • 2. Paravesical space: between Obturator Fascia and anterior part of the Hypogastric Sheath, separated from the Pelvirectal Space by the Hypogastric Sheath
    1. Pelvirectal space: surrounds the rectum
    1. Retrorectal space: continous with the pelvirectal space and located between the sacrum and rectum
41
Q

What makes up the condensed endopelvic fascia?

A

Aka our hypogasdtric sheath. It is a. A. thick band. of. collagen and elastin. that. will compartmentalize. the loose endopelvic fascia. It. serves as a. conduit for. nerves. and vessels from. the. lateral pelvic. wall -> pelvic. organs. It is divided into three. parts.

    1. Anterior lamina -> lateral L of the bladder (goes to bladder)
    1. Middle lamina-> transverse cervical L (goes to cervix) in F and rectovesical septum (between the rectum and bladder) in M
    1. Posterior lamina -> lateral rectal L (goes to posterior aspect of rectum).
42
Q

When the perineum is viewed from an inferior aspect, what does it make?

A

Quadrangular space. The 4 points of it. are:

  • Anterior: pubic symphysis
  • Posterior: coccyx
  • Laterally: both ischial tuberosities
43
Q

The 4 points of the quadrangular space are:

  • Anterior: pubic symphysis
  • Posterior: coccyx
  • Laterally:both ischial tuberosities

What happens if a line is drawn in between the two ischial tuberosities?

A

the quadrangle is divided into two triangular spaces:

  • the Urogenital Triangle (anteriorly)
  • the Anal Triangle (posteriorly).
44
Q

What is located in the anal triangle?

A
  1. Ischioanal fossa -around the wall of the anal canal and filled with fat and LCT that allows the anal canal to expand when you poop.
  2. Pudendal canal- a space inside the obturator fascia where the i_nternal pudental A, V_ and pudendal N pass through.
45
Q

What is located inside the urogenital triangle?

A

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Endo/Repro Exam 2 (17 decks)

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