4 Redefining Canada Flashcards
Nuremburg Trials
Trials of all the top Nazis after WWII. Hitler, Goebbels, and Himmler had all died by suicide already, so Goering was the most famous still alive.
United Nations
Union of many nations with the goals of protecting human rights and the environment, world peace, diplomacy, development
John Humphrey
Canadian lawyer who signed the UDHR
UDHR
Universal Declaration of Human Rights to all people regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, class
Cold War
Period of tension between Soviet-led Communist east and US-led Capitalist west. No actual fighting
Superpower
County with huge military and political power
Middle Power
Country with huge political power but not military
Iron Curtain
Churchill’s word to describe the metaphorical barrier between the East and West
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, voluntary participation between West europe and North America. Promoting peace
Warsaw Pact
Soviet version of NATO, this time with compulsory participation and with the USSR taking political and military control of the country in question
Satellite State
Countries taken into the Warsaw Pact, providing a buffer between the Soviet Union and the West.
NORAD
North American Air Defense Agreement between the US and Canada agreeing each would have their own air force but an attack on one would be viewed as an attack on the other.
Sputnik
Soviet satellite, the first manmade satellite and a big step in the Space Race
Yuri Gargarin
First person launched into space. Launched by the Soviet Union
NASA and the Apollo program
Apollo program was the goal to get a human on the moon before the end of the decade.
Mutual Deterrence
Idea that if one country has a big bomb and the other doesn’t, then the big bomb will get used. But if BOTH have big bombs, then neither of them will get used.
MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction - “I’m not gonna use my big bomb on you because I know you’ll just use your big bomb on me too”
Fidel Castro
Cuban President during the Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
USSR installed missiles in Communist Cuba, which the US viewed as an act of war. They threatened to declare war on Cuba if the USSR didn’t withdraw them. The USSR did withdraw them and war was avoided.
Igor Gouzenko
Soviet Clerk in Ottawa who confessed to Canada that Soviets had been spying on Canada, USA, and Britain.
Proxy Wars
Wars between two countries that are fought through a different country, such as the Korean War
Peacekeeping Nation
A country that’s dedicated to de-escalating conflict instead of escalating it. Canada earned a reputation as one in the Suez Crisis, etc.
Domino Effect
The belief that one country falling to communism would lead to another, which would lead to another, and so on.
Lester B Pearson
The Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs who proposed the United Nations Emergency Force to de-escalate the Suez Crisis
60’s Scoop
Canadian government’s next chapter in their Indigenous assimilation schemes, this time by “scooping” massive amounts of Indigenous children from their families and putting them up for adoption.
Quiet Revolution
Period of massive but gradual political and social change in Quebec throughout the 60’s. French becoming more predominant and the official language of business more so than English. Quebec becomes more independent and secularized through legislation.
FLQ
Quebec separatist group responsible for the October Crisis. Bombed buildings, kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte and held them hostage.
October Crisis
James Cross and Pierre Laporte kidnapped by the FLQ. The first time the government used the War Measures Act in peace time. Pierre Laporte got killed.
