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SOCIO JIGGINS RESEARCH METHODS - > (4) Questionaries > Flashcards

(4) Questionaries Flashcards

1
Q

What is a QUESTIONNAIRE?

A

a LIST of PRE-SET QUESTIONS - useful as it can be Used To Gather Information from a LARGE NUMBER of PEOPLE

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2
Q

What are 4 CHARACTERISTICS of QUESTIONNAIRS

A
  • EASY way to GATHER DATA
  • can be DISTRIUBUTED at HOME and Returned by Post, Or IN PERSON
  • CLOSE ENDED QUESTIONS
  • OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS
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3
Q

What is an ADVANTAGE and DISADVANATGE of CLOSED QUESTIONS ?

A

+ EASY to Produce Statistical Data and to Analyse Answers
- There’s NO OPPORTUNITY For RESPONDENTS to CLARIFY, it’s Generally POOR for COLLECTING INFOMATION about FEELINGS
Not Favoured by Interpretvists

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4
Q

What is an ADVANTAGE and DISADVANATGE of OPEN QUESTIONS ?

A

+ Produces MORE IN-DEPTH DATA and better for Discovering Complex Feelings. Preferred to Fixed Choice Questions by Interpretivists
- DIFFICULT and TIME-CONSUMING to PRODUCE STATSITICAL DATA from the RESULTS. Less Favoured than Fixed Choice Questions by Positivists

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5
Q

What are 6 ADVANATGES of QUESTIONAIRES

A

(1) PRATICAL
(2) RELIABILITY
(3) HYPOTHESIS TESTING
(4) DETACHMENT and OBJECTIVITY
(5) REPRESENTATIVNESS
(6) ETHICAL ISSUES

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6
Q

How are Questionnaires PRACTICAL - Advantage?

A
  • QUICK and CHEAP
  • Gather LARGE AMOUNTS of DATA from LARGE AMOUNT of PEOPLE
  • NO NEED to RECRUIT or TRAIN INTERVIEWERS
  • Data usually EASY to QUANTIFY
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7
Q

How are Questionnaires RELIABLE - Advantage?

A
  • when RESEARCH is REPEATED Using the SAME QUESTIONS in the SAME ORDER with the SAME CHOICE OF ANSWERS
  • Postal or Online Questionnaires - No Researcher Present to Influence Respondents Answers
  • So long as a Similar Sample Used, Results should be Replicated
  • Allow Comparisons Over Time
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8
Q

How are Questionnaires HYPOTHESIS TESTING - Advantage?

A
  • USEFUL for TESTING HYPOTHESES

E.g. could be used to show whether there’s correlation between Children’s achievement levels and Family Size

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9
Q

How are Questionnaires REPRESENTATIVE - Advantage?

A
  • LARGE SAMPLE = MORE REPRESENTATIVE
  • Researches who use Questionnaires Tend to be Better at Obtaining -and Selecting a Representative Sample
  • Allow us to Make MORE ACCURATE GENERALISATIONS
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10
Q

How are Questionnaires ETHICIAL ISSUES - Advantage?

A
  • Very FEW ETHICAL ISSUES
  • May ASK INTRUSIVE or SENSATIVE Questions Respondents are Generally Under No Obligation to Answer Them
  • ANONYMITY
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11
Q

What are 7 DISADVANATAGES of QUESTIONAIRES

A
  • PRACTICAL
  • LOW RESPONSE RATE
  • INFLEXIBILITY
  • QUESTIONNAIRES as SNAPSHOTS
  • DETACHMENT
  • LYING, FORGETTING and ‘RIGHT ANSWERISM’
  • IMPOSING the RESEARCHER’S MEANINGS
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12
Q

How are Questionnaires PRACTICAL - DISADVANATEGE?

A
  • DATA can be LIMITED and SUPERFICIAL.
  • Respondents are UNLIKELY to COMPLETE and RETURN a LONG, Time, Consuming Questionnaire.
  • can be Expensive if Prizes are Needed to Persuade people to Take Part
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13
Q

How are Questionnaires RESPONSE RATE - DISADVANTAGE

A

have a VERY LOW RESPONSE RATE, especially with Postal Questionnaires

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14
Q

How are Questionnaires INFLEXIBILITY - DISADVANATGE?

A

are a VERY INFLEXIBLE METHOD.

ONCE the QUESTIONS have been FINALISED, the RESEARCHER MUST STICK with them and CANNOT EXPLORE NEW Areas of Interest

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15
Q

How are Questionnaires AS SNAPSHOTS - DISADVANATEGE?

A

they are SNAPSHOTS they Give a PICTURE of REALITY at Only ONE MOMENT When the Respondent Answers the Question

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16
Q

How are Questionnaires DETACHMENT - DISADVANATEGE?

A

the Degree of DETACHMENT by the RESEARCHER means They may LACK VALIDITY
the LACK of CONTACT means there is NO OPPORTUNITY to CLARIFY What Questions Mean
there;s NO WAY of KNOWING if the RESEARCHER and the RESPONDENT Both INTERPRET the QUESTIONS, or ANSWERS in the SAME WAY

17
Q

What are 4 WAYS that QUESTIONNAIRES can be USED? MIC

A
  • SUBJECT and UNIVERSITY CHOICE
  • BULLYING and the EXPERIENCE of SCHOOLING
  • ACHIEVEMENT and SCHOOL FACTORS
  • PARENTAL ATTITUTUDES to EDUCATION
18
Q

Explain the OPERATIONALISATION of CONCEPTS for Questionarires

A
  • Involves TURNING ABSTRACT IDEAS INTO a MEASUREABLE FORM
  • PUPILS GRASP of ABSTRACT Concepts is Usually LESS Than ADULTS - may be Hard to Turn Sociological Concepts such as ‘Cultural Capital’ or ‘Deferred Gratification’ Into Language They Understand
  • May Produce Answers Based on Misunderstanding
  • DANGER of OVER SIMPLIFICATION of Questions
19
Q

Explain the SAMPLES and SAMLPLING FRAME of Questionnaires

A
  • Routine Lists that Schools Keep can Provide Accurate Sampling Frames
  • READY MADE SAMPLES - Classes, Teaching Departments, Year Groups etc.
  • May not Keep Lists that Reflect Researching Interests e.g, Ethnicity - may be denied access to confidential into
  • Researcher Needs Schools Permission to Hand Out Questionnaires
20
Q

Explain the ACCESS and RESPONSE RATE

A
  • RESPONSE RATES are LOW
  • may CAUSE DISRUPTION to LESSONS
  • When CONDUCTED In SCHOOLS RETURN RATES are HIGHER
  • may Therefore Produce More Representative Dara from which to Draw Generalisations
  • Teacher may be Too Busy to Complete
21
Q

Explain PRACTICIAL ISSUES of Questionaires

A
  • QUICK and CHEAP Way of GAINING LOTS of DATA
  • RESPONDENTS Need to Be ABLE to READ and UNDERSTAND the QUESTIONS - therefore Not Suitable for Young children or those with Certain Learning Difficulties
  • CHILDREN generally have a SHORTER ATTENTION SPAN so Questionnaires NEED to Be BRIEF - this Limits the Amount of Information that can be Gathered
22
Q

Explain ANONYMITY and DETACHMENT of Questionnaires

A
  • ANONYMITY can OVERCOME FEAR or EMBARASSSMENT so are USEFUL for Researching SENSITIVE Issues, e.g. Bullying
  • PUPILS may be MORE LIKELY to Divulge DETAILS of Experiences = Possibly MORE VALID DATA
  • TEACHER may Feel Able to Give MORE HONEST ANSWERS
  • Remaining Anonomous Is a Concern
23
Q

Explain ANONYMITY and DETACHMENT of Questionnaires

A
  • ANONYMITY can OVERCOME FEAR or EMBARASSSMENT so are USEFUL for Researching SENSITIVE Issues, e.g. Bullying
  • PUPILS may be MORE LIKELY to Divulge DETAILS of Experiences = Possibly MORE VALID DATA
  • TEACHER may Feel Able to Give MORE HONEST ANSWERS
  • Remaining Anonomous Is a Concern

SOCIO JIGGINS RESEARCH METHODS - (7 decks)

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