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SOCIO JIGGINS RESEARCH METHODS - > (1) CHOOSING A RESEARCH METHOD > Flashcards

(1) CHOOSING A RESEARCH METHOD Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 Purposes of doing sociological research?

A
  • COLLECT INFORMATION
  • BETTER UNDERSTANDING of people’s SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR and social world they live in
  • can be used to help improve society
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2
Q

What are 3 PRIMARY sources of data and 2 SECONDARY sources of data?

A

PRIMARY

  • Experiments and observations
  • Interviews
  • Questionnaires

SECONDARY

  • Official Statistics
  • Documents
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3
Q

What are 3 POSITIVE EVALUATION points of Primary and Secondary Data

A

+ CONTROL OVER THE RESEARCH - collecting information they want RATHER than using existing information that MAY NOT BE COMPLETELY RELEVANT

+ ORIGINAL DATA - often no SECONDARY data EXISTS on a PARTICULAR ISSUE

+ QUICK AND CHEAP - using SECONDARY data is MUCH CHEAPER and LESS TIME CONSUMING

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4
Q

What are 2 NEGATIVE EVALUATION points of Primary and Secondary Data

A
  • COST AND TIME - may not be able to conduct OWN RESEARCH due to time
  • DIFFERENT PURPOSES - SECONDARY information is collected by NON SOCIOLOGISTS for different purposes than what sociologists want it for. SOME INFORMATION may be UNSUITABLE for what they are trying to establish
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5
Q

What are the 3 FACTORS that should be considered for CHOICE OF RESEARCH METHOD .

A

PET

(1) PRATICAL
(2) ETHICAL
(3) THEORETICAL

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6
Q

What are 4 Practical Factors for Choice of Research Method ?

A
  • TIME
  • FINANCE
  • RESEARCH SUBJECT
  • SOURCE OF FUNDING
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7
Q

What are 3 ETHICAL Factors for Choice of Research Method ?

A
  • INFORMED CONSENT
  • CONFIDENTIALITY
  • EFFECTS ON RESEARCH SUBJECTS
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8
Q

What are the 2 THEORETICAL Factors for Choice of Research Method ?
Explained 3 characteristics

A

POSITIVISTS - prefer QUANTITATIVE data , STRUCTURAL research techniques . prefer RELIABILITY

INTERPRETIVITS - prefer QUALITATIVE data. Like to uncover the meanings people hold . Allow them to act or speak in the ways they feel appropriate. UNSTRUCTURED research methods. prefer VALIDITY

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9
Q

What are the 5 FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF TOPIC

A
  • PRACTICAL FACTORS - some topics may not easily be studied
  • FUNDING BODIES - only fund studies of topics they consider to be important
  • SOCIETY’S VALUES - these change and interest in certain topics and issues change with them
  • SOCIOLOGISTS THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE - may affect the type of topic they want to study
  • CHANCE - sometimes situations give rise to a research topic
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10
Q

What are the Factors in PERVERT which you apply to Context

A 
Practical
Ethical 
Reliability 
Validity 
Examples 
Representativeness
Theoretical
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11
Q

Explain the RELIABILITY factor, what it means

A

for it to be RELIABLE it must be REPLICABLE

POSITIVISTS prefer a SCIENTIFIC as it EMPHASISES the need for reliability

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12
Q

Explain the VALIDITY factor, what it means

A

VALIDITY refers to how AUTHENTIC and TRUE the data is

INTERPRETIVISTS

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13
Q

What is Sample?

A

A SMALL SELECTION of PARTICIPANTS CHOSEN to take part in the study

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14
Q

What is the AIM of a SAMPLE

A

AIM of Sampling is to ALLOW the FINDINGS collected from a study TO BE REPRESENTATIVE of the target population.
Thus means it’s POSSIBLE for the researcher to be able to make GENERALISATIONS or DRAW CONCLUSIONS about the target population

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15
Q

What are 3 Types of Random Sampling Techniques

A
  • RANDOM Sampling
  • SYSTEMATIC Sampling
  • STRATIFIED Sampling
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16
Q

Explain RANDOM SAMPLING

A

Random Sampling is when EVERY PERSON in the SAMPLING FRAME has AN EQUAL CHANCE of being RANDOMLY SELECTED for the Sample

17
Q

What is a POSITIVE and NEGATIVE of RANDOM SAMPLING

A

+ EVERYONE has an EQUAL CHANCE

- CAN lead to BIAS SAMPLE - in terms of age , gender ethnicity or social class

18
Q

Explain SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

A

when the sample of people is selected by CHOOSING every NTH NAME FROM the SAMPLING FRAME

19
Q

What is a POSITIVE and NEGATIVE of Systematic Sampling?

A

+ More EVENLY SPREAD

- Can lead to BIAS SAMPLE

20
Q

Explain STRATIFIED SAMPLING

A

when the SAMPLING FRAME is ‘ DIVIDED “ into STRATA (SUB-CATEGORIES) that the researcher is interested in, such as gender age class and ethnicity and then a CERTAIN NUMBER of PEOPLE are RANDOMLY SELECTED FROM EACH of these SUB CATEGORIES, often in proportion to their representation in the population

21
Q

What is a POSITIVE and NEGATIVE of STRATISFIED SAMPLING

A

+ REDUCES Sampling BIAS

+ TIME CONSUMING to SET UP

22
Q

What are 4 Types of NON REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES?

A

QUOTA sampling
SNOWBALL sampling
OPPORTUNITY sampling
VOLUNTEER sampling

23
Q

Explain OPPORTUNITY SAMPLING

A

when RESEARCHERS themselves APPROACH ANYONE who IS AVAILABLE and WILLING to PARTICIPATE

24
Q

What is a POSITIVE and a NEGATIVE of OPPORTUNITY SAMPLING?

A

+ QUICK & PRACTICAL

- PRONE TO BIAS

25
Q

Explain QUOTA SAMPLING?

A

It’s like Stratisfied Sampling , DIVIDES the TARGET POPULATION and the RESEARCHER is GIVEN A QUOTA that THEY NEED TO RESEARCH

25
Q

Explain QUOTA SAMPLING?

A

It’s like Stratisfied Sampling , DIVIDES the TARGET POPULATION and the RESEARCHER is GIVEN A QUOTA that THEY NEED TO RESEARCH

26
Q

What is a POSITIVE and a NEGATIVE of QUOTA SAMPLING?

A

+ LESS TIME CONUSMING - as there;s no sampling frame needed

- Can LEAD to a BIASED SAMPLE

26
Q

What is a POSITIVE and a NEGATIVE of QUOTA SAMPLING?

A

+ LESS TIME CONUSMING - as there;s no sampling frame needed

- Can LEAD to a BIASED SAMPLE

27
Q

Explain SNOWBALL SAMPLING

A

USED when it’s DIFFIUCLT or IMPOSSIBLE to OBTAIN a SAMPLE of people to RESEARCH on

is OFTEN USED when the RESEARCH is HIGHLY SENSITIVE or DEALS WITH SECRATIVE or DEVIANT GROUPS

INDIVIDUALS MAY NOT WANT to be IDENTIFIED

28
Q

What is a POSTIVE and a NEGATIVE of SNOWBALL SAMPLING

A

+ DEEP INSIGHT - provides a valuable insight into social groups that would have been difficult to obtain using a sample frame

  • UNREPRESENTATIVE - relies on a very small network of people
29
Q

Explain VOLUNTEER SAMPLING

A

when PARTIPANTS have FREELY SELF-SELECTED THEMSELVES to be PART OF THE STUDY

30
Q

What is a POSITIVE and a NEGATIVE of VOLUNTEER SAMPLING?

A

+ QUICK and PRACTICAL

- VOULUNTEER BIAS

31
Q

What are the 2 FACTORS to Take INTO CONISDERATION when CHOOSING A SAMPLE

A
  • the TIME ALLOCATED and FUNDING AVALIABLE for the research study to take place - the size of sample - larger = more representative
  • the METHODICAL PERSPECTIVE :
    POSITIVITS tend to prefer QUANTITATIVE DATA (questionnaires and official statistics)
    INTERPRETIVITS tend to prefer QUALITIATIVE DATA (observation)

SOCIO JIGGINS RESEARCH METHODS - (7 decks)

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