4. Population and Settlement Flashcards
sparsely populated
a small population, few people, per km squared
densely populated
a high population, lots of people per km squared
population desnity
the number of people/km²
densely populated areas (positive factors)
(give 2 each)
*Pleasant Climate *
*Flat or gently sloping land *
*Good fertile soil *
*Good food supply *
*Good water supply *
*Money available for investment ‘
*Good communication links ‘
*Natural resources for industry ‘
*Industry and jobs’
*=Physical
‘=Human
sparsely populated areas (negative factors)
(give 2 each)
*Too hot or cold *
*Too wet or dry *
*Steep slopes *
*Poor soils *
*Dense forest *
*Poor water supply *
*Few natural resources *
*Poor transport links ‘
*Little industry ‘
*Lack of investment ‘
*=Physical
‘=Human
densely populated countries (give 3 min)
japan
uk
germany
france
sparsely populated countries (give 3 min)
australia
canada
russia
nordic countries (sweden, norway, finland)
when did a massive rise in population start
1950s
overpopulation
too many people in one country for the resources available to it
what are some consequences of overpopulation (give 3 min)
lack of food
lack of clean water
diseases
preassure on services (school and hospital)
pressures on housing
high energy needs
more pollution
natural increase
NI=BR(birth rates)>DR(death rates)
BR
number of births per year per 1000 people/year
DR
number of deaths per year per 1000 people/year
infant mortality rate
the number of babies that die before their first birthday per 1000
migration
the movement of people from one place to another
international migration
when people move from one country (source) to another country (host)
rural-urban migration
movement of people from rural areas into towns or cities
push factor
what forces people to leave
example of push factors (give 3 min)
unemployment
low wages
war & conflict
lack of medical care
no clean water
poor schools/education
pull factor
what attracts people to an area/place
example of pull factor (give 3 min)
more jobs & higher wages
better education
better health services
good medical services
why developed countries have low birth rates (give 2 min)
*women have careers
*sex ed
*contraception
*later marriage
*young are travelling/ university = no time for babies
*babies are expensive
*low infant mortality
why developing countries have high birth rates (give 2 min)
*Children needed for farming
*Children need to look after elderly
*no sex ed
*no contraception
*young marriage
*boys preferred to work on farm
*high infant mortality
*large families have higher status
population structure
the number/proportion of people in each age range and broken into gender
population pyramid
the population structure of the country they represent
3 groups on population pyramid
*Young dependants [0-15 years old, do not work, do not pay taxes]
*Economically active [16-65 years old, working age and can provide taxes]
*Elderly dependats [65+, retired, do not work, do not pay taxes]
life expectancy
the average age an individual is expected to live in a particular country or region
developing countries population pyramids
pyramids with wide base which means high birth, but the top is narrow, which means low life expectancy
developed countries population pyramid
pyramids with narrow base as they have a low birth rate, but the top is much wider than developing countries as it has a long life expectancy
settlement
a place where people live (one dwelling or a group of dwellings)
site
the exact location of a place
situation
what surrounding features it has (man-made and natural)
physical settlement site factors (2 min)
relief, water supply, soils, climate, defensive site, shelter
human settlement site factors
transport links, economic activity
what features did early settlers look for to make a settlement (give 3 min)
*flat land - easy to build on
*raw materials - to build homes
*water supply - to drink, wash, cook and transportation
*dry land - build without flooding risk
*defendable - on a hill/bend to protect from enemies
*good farm land - to grow crops
*shelter - to protect from bad weather
*transport links - low crossing point of a river
nucleated area
lots of settlement grouped closely together:
so everybody can help with collaborating and gathering/trading resources e.g. a capital city
linear settlement
a group of settlements that are formed in a line:
formed on a transport route or due to physical restrictions e.g. coastal cities
dispersed settlement
houses that are scattered:
for privacy and independence or to harvest crops e.g. a farm
what is settlement hierarchy
*the population of the settlement
*the number of services and functions the settlement has
*the area it covers
hierarchy (top to bottom)
conurbation
city
large town
small town
village
hamlet
isolated dwelling
conurbation
*formed when 2+ cities which start out far away from eachother, grow to form a conurbation region
CBD - Central Business District -
In the centre of a city which is where most business happens
urbanisation
*the increase of people living in urban areas
settlement function (4 min)
*resident function - where people live
*industrial function - the location of factories
*commercial function - shopping and leisure facilities
*service function - schools, hospitals, libraries
*tourism function - the type of tourism depends on the settlement
*administrative function - local government offices
*route centre - where many important roads/transport links will meet
sustainable settlement
using resources without damaging the environment for future generations
features of a sustainable settlement (3 min)
*transport lanes (public, cycling, convenient transport network)
*renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydro)
*food (farms, parks, disposal management)
*public services and spaces (playgrounds, hospitals etc.)
*quality and affordable housing (so it is nice to live there)
urban regeneration
when an area is transformed by the refurbishment of buildings and landscape
