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geo > 4. Population and Settlement > Flashcards

4. Population and Settlement Flashcards

1
Q

sparsely populated

A

a small population, few people, per km squared

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2
Q

densely populated

A

a high population, lots of people per km squared

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3
Q

population desnity

A

the number of people/km²

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4
Q

densely populated areas (positive factors)
(give 2 each)

A

*Pleasant Climate *
*Flat or gently sloping land *
*Good fertile soil *
*Good food supply *
*Good water supply *
*Money available for investment ‘
*Good communication links ‘
*Natural resources for industry ‘
*Industry and jobs’

*=Physical
‘=Human

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5
Q

sparsely populated areas (negative factors)
(give 2 each)

A

*Too hot or cold *
*Too wet or dry *
*Steep slopes *
*Poor soils *
*Dense forest *
*Poor water supply *
*Few natural resources *
*Poor transport links ‘
*Little industry ‘
*Lack of investment ‘

*=Physical
‘=Human

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6
Q

densely populated countries (give 3 min)

A

japan
uk
germany
france

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7
Q

sparsely populated countries (give 3 min)

A

australia
canada
russia
nordic countries (sweden, norway, finland)

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8
Q

when did a massive rise in population start

A

1950s

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9
Q

overpopulation

A

too many people in one country for the resources available to it

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10
Q

what are some consequences of overpopulation (give 3 min)

A

lack of food
lack of clean water
diseases
preassure on services (school and hospital)
pressures on housing
high energy needs
more pollution

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11
Q

natural increase

A

NI=BR(birth rates)>DR(death rates)

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12
Q

BR

A

number of births per year per 1000 people/year

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13
Q

DR

A

number of deaths per year per 1000 people/year

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14
Q

infant mortality rate

A

the number of babies that die before their first birthday per 1000

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15
Q

migration

A

the movement of people from one place to another

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16
Q

international migration

A

when people move from one country (source) to another country (host)

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17
Q

rural-urban migration

A

movement of people from rural areas into towns or cities

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18
Q

push factor

A

what forces people to leave

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19
Q

example of push factors (give 3 min)

A

unemployment
low wages
war & conflict
lack of medical care
no clean water
poor schools/education

20
Q

pull factor

A

what attracts people to an area/place

21
Q

example of pull factor (give 3 min)

A

more jobs & higher wages
better education
better health services
good medical services

22
Q

why developed countries have low birth rates (give 2 min)

A

*women have careers
*sex ed
*contraception
*later marriage
*young are travelling/ university = no time for babies
*babies are expensive
*low infant mortality

23
Q

why developing countries have high birth rates (give 2 min)

A

*Children needed for farming
*Children need to look after elderly
*no sex ed
*no contraception
*young marriage
*boys preferred to work on farm
*high infant mortality
*large families have higher status

24
Q

population structure

A

the number/proportion of people in each age range and broken into gender

25
Q

population pyramid

A

the population structure of the country they represent

26
Q

3 groups on population pyramid

A

*Young dependants [0-15 years old, do not work, do not pay taxes]
*Economically active [16-65 years old, working age and can provide taxes]
*Elderly dependats [65+, retired, do not work, do not pay taxes]

27
Q

life expectancy

A

the average age an individual is expected to live in a particular country or region

28
Q

developing countries population pyramids

A

pyramids with wide base which means high birth, but the top is narrow, which means low life expectancy

29
Q

developed countries population pyramid

A

pyramids with narrow base as they have a low birth rate, but the top is much wider than developing countries as it has a long life expectancy

30
Q

settlement

A

a place where people live (one dwelling or a group of dwellings)

31
Q

site

A

the exact location of a place

32
Q

situation

A

what surrounding features it has (man-made and natural)

33
Q

physical settlement site factors (2 min)

A

relief, water supply, soils, climate, defensive site, shelter

34
Q

human settlement site factors

A

transport links, economic activity

35
Q

what features did early settlers look for to make a settlement (give 3 min)

A

*flat land - easy to build on
*raw materials - to build homes
*water supply - to drink, wash, cook and transportation
*dry land - build without flooding risk
*defendable - on a hill/bend to protect from enemies
*good farm land - to grow crops
*shelter - to protect from bad weather
*transport links - low crossing point of a river

36
Q

nucleated area

A

lots of settlement grouped closely together:
so everybody can help with collaborating and gathering/trading resources e.g. a capital city

37
Q

linear settlement

A

a group of settlements that are formed in a line:
formed on a transport route or due to physical restrictions e.g. coastal cities

38
Q

dispersed settlement

A

houses that are scattered:
for privacy and independence or to harvest crops e.g. a farm

39
Q

what is settlement hierarchy

A

*the population of the settlement
*the number of services and functions the settlement has
*the area it covers

40
Q

hierarchy (top to bottom)

A

conurbation
city
large town
small town
village
hamlet
isolated dwelling

41
Q

conurbation

A

*formed when 2+ cities which start out far away from eachother, grow to form a conurbation region

42
Q

CBD - Central Business District -

A

In the centre of a city which is where most business happens

43
Q

urbanisation

A

*the increase of people living in urban areas

44
Q

settlement function (4 min)

A

*resident function - where people live
*industrial function - the location of factories
*commercial function - shopping and leisure facilities
*service function - schools, hospitals, libraries
*tourism function - the type of tourism depends on the settlement
*administrative function - local government offices
*route centre - where many important roads/transport links will meet

45
Q

sustainable settlement

A

using resources without damaging the environment for future generations

46
Q

features of a sustainable settlement (3 min)

A

*transport lanes (public, cycling, convenient transport network)
*renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydro)
*food (farms, parks, disposal management)
*public services and spaces (playgrounds, hospitals etc.)
*quality and affordable housing (so it is nice to live there)

47
Q

urban regeneration

A

when an area is transformed by the refurbishment of buildings and landscape

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