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4. Population and Settlement Flashcards

1
Q

sparsely populated

A

a small population, few people, per km squared

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2
Q

densely populated

A

a high population, lots of people per km squared

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3
Q

population desnity

A

the number of people/km²

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4
Q

densely populated areas (positive factors)
(give 2 each)

A

*Pleasant Climate *
*Flat or gently sloping land *
*Good fertile soil *
*Good food supply *
*Good water supply *
*Money available for investment ‘
*Good communication links ‘
*Natural resources for industry ‘
*Industry and jobs’

*=Physical
‘=Human

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5
Q

sparsely populated areas (negative factors)
(give 2 each)

A

*Too hot or cold *
*Too wet or dry *
*Steep slopes *
*Poor soils *
*Dense forest *
*Poor water supply *
*Few natural resources *
*Poor transport links ‘
*Little industry ‘
*Lack of investment ‘

*=Physical
‘=Human

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6
Q

densely populated countries (give 3 min)

A

japan
uk
germany
france

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7
Q

sparsely populated countries (give 3 min)

A

australia
canada
russia
nordic countries (sweden, norway, finland)

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8
Q

when did a massive rise in population start

A

1950s

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9
Q

overpopulation

A

too many people in one country for the resources available to it

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10
Q

what are some consequences of overpopulation (give 3 min)

A

lack of food
lack of clean water
diseases
preassure on services (school and hospital)
pressures on housing
high energy needs
more pollution

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11
Q

natural increase

A

NI=BR(birth rates)>DR(death rates)

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12
Q

BR

A

number of births per year per 1000 people/year

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13
Q

DR

A

number of deaths per year per 1000 people/year

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14
Q

infant mortality rate

A

the number of babies that die before their first birthday per 1000

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15
Q

migration

A

the movement of people from one place to another

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16
Q

international migration

A

when people move from one country (source) to another country (host)

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17
Q

rural-urban migration

A

movement of people from rural areas into towns or cities

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18
Q

push factor

A

what forces people to leave

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19
Q

example of push factors (give 3 min)

A

unemployment
low wages
war & conflict
lack of medical care
no clean water
poor schools/education

20
Q

pull factor

A

what attracts people to an area/place

21
Q

example of pull factor (give 3 min)

A

more jobs & higher wages
better education
better health services
good medical services

22
Q

why developed countries have low birth rates (give 2 min)

A

*women have careers
*sex ed
*contraception
*later marriage
*young are travelling/ university = no time for babies
*babies are expensive
*low infant mortality

23
Q

why developing countries have high birth rates (give 2 min)

A

*Children needed for farming
*Children need to look after elderly
*no sex ed
*no contraception
*young marriage
*boys preferred to work on farm
*high infant mortality
*large families have higher status

24
Q

population structure

A

the number/proportion of people in each age range and broken into gender

25
population pyramid
the population structure of the country they represent
26
3 groups on population pyramid
*Young dependants [0-15 years old, do not work, do not pay taxes] *Economically active [16-65 years old, working age and can provide taxes] *Elderly dependats [65+, retired, do not work, do not pay taxes]
27
life expectancy
the average age an individual is expected to live in a particular country or region
28
developing countries population pyramids
pyramids with wide base which means high birth, but the top is narrow, which means low life expectancy
29
developed countries population pyramid
pyramids with narrow base as they have a low birth rate, but the top is much wider than developing countries as it has a long life expectancy
30
settlement
a place where people live (one dwelling or a group of dwellings)
31
site
the exact location of a place
32
situation
what surrounding features it has (man-made and natural)
33
physical settlement site factors (2 min)
relief, water supply, soils, climate, defensive site, shelter
34
human settlement site factors
transport links, economic activity
35
what features did early settlers look for to make a settlement (give 3 min)
*flat land - easy to build on *raw materials - to build homes *water supply - to drink, wash, cook and transportation *dry land - build without flooding risk *defendable - on a hill/bend to protect from enemies *good farm land - to grow crops *shelter - to protect from bad weather *transport links - low crossing point of a river
36
nucleated area
lots of settlement grouped closely together: so everybody can help with collaborating and gathering/trading resources e.g. a capital city
37
linear settlement
a group of settlements that are formed in a line: formed on a transport route or due to physical restrictions e.g. coastal cities
38
dispersed settlement
houses that are scattered: for privacy and independence or to harvest crops e.g. a farm
39
what is settlement hierarchy
*the population of the settlement *the number of services and functions the settlement has *the area it covers
40
hierarchy (top to bottom)
conurbation city large town small town village hamlet isolated dwelling
41
conurbation
*formed when 2+ cities which start out far away from eachother, grow to form a conurbation region
42
CBD - Central Business District -
In the centre of a city which is where most business happens
43
urbanisation
*the increase of people living in urban areas
44
settlement function (4 min)
*resident function - where people live *industrial function - the location of factories *commercial function - shopping and leisure facilities *service function - schools, hospitals, libraries *tourism function - the type of tourism depends on the settlement *administrative function - local government offices *route centre - where many important roads/transport links will meet
45
sustainable settlement
using resources without damaging the environment for future generations
46
features of a sustainable settlement (3 min)
*transport lanes (public, cycling, convenient transport network) *renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydro) *food (farms, parks, disposal management) *public services and spaces (playgrounds, hospitals etc.) *quality and affordable housing (so it is nice to live there)
47
urban regeneration
when an area is transformed by the refurbishment of buildings and landscape

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