2. Transport and Industry Flashcards by Itai Fink

Brown field site

has been built on before

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Business park

a designated area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together

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containerisation

system of container transport for use in sea shipping through machines

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distribution

the way something is spread out or arranged over a geographic area

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greenfield site

hasn’t been built on before

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globalisation

the way that companies, products, ideas and lifestyles are moving more easily and more quickly around the world

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HIC

High income coutnry

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HS2

a high speed train

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LIC

low income country

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MIC

middle income country

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Multinational

sell products/ services in different countries

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NIC

Newly Industrialized country

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Raw Materials

natural resources

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Science Park

land designated for only science and tech research

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Road Advantages -Mode of Transport (2)

*Speed of delivery is high
*Door-to-door service

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Rail Advantages -Mode of Transport (2)

*Carrying capacity is high
*The rapid speed of delivery

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Water Advantages -Mode of Transport (2)

*It has high carrying capacity
*Cost-effective for heavy and bulky goods

Air Advantages -Mode of Transport (2)

*It has high speeds
*There is no physical barrier to this transport mode

Advantages of HS2 (give 3 min)

*Bridges the North/South divide
*Create 30,000 jobs
*Estimated to increase the UK’s GDP per Capita by 15bn per year
*Move trillions of roads and air trips to rail
*Improve journey times for commuters

Disadvantages of HS2 (give 3 min)

*Argued more wealth sucked to London
*Original price of 33bn has spiraled to 100bn+
*Trains will use more than 50% of energy compared to Eurostar trains
*250 acres of green belt land will be built on
*Money should be spent on other services e.g. NHS

what did containerisation do?

led to the decline of ports like the London Docklands

exploit

the use of natural resources for economic growth

all four industry sectors

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

what is the primary industry

the act of gathering or extracting of raw materials e.g. farming, fishing, mining

what is the secondary industry

the act of manufacturing (or making products from these raw materials e.g. food processing, making clothes, furniture

what is the tertiary industry

provides a service e.g. nurse, doctor, teacher, cashier

what is the quaternary industry

for the future - includes hi-tech research and development industries e.g. computers, phones and medicines

what factors affect the location of an industry? (give 3 min)

*access/location of raw materials *access to energy supply *site- flat land, room to expand *labour - cost, skill level, quantity *proximity to market *transport routes *cost of land *capital (money to invest) *greenfield or brownfield site *government policies

what factors affect economic development and quality of life? (4 min)

*Globalisation (the way companies, products, ideas and lifestyles are moving more easily around the world) *Income per person (GNI per Capita - Gross (average) national income per person) *Life expectancy - estimate of the average a person from a group will die *Health - (access to healthcare) *Literacy - (the ability to read and write which affects job availability) *Housing - (access to a safe and healthy home) *Economic Growth - (the increase of an economy produce (goods / services) which give business profits)

Rail Disadvantages -Mode of Transport (2)

*Timetable and routes restricted *Expensive cost for constructing and maintenance

Road Disadvantages -Mode of Transport (2)

*Emission of noise pollution and toxic materials *Possible traffic delays

Water Disadvantages -Mode of Transport (2)

*It has high time for shipment *The risk of accidents is high as the ship/boat could sink/lose cargo

Air Disadvantages -Mode of Transport (2)

*It is the costliest out of all other modes of transport *It needs trained individuals for a successful flight

describe the development of primary industry over time (3 periods)

-Pre-industrial (1800 AD) High (70%) -Industrial - goes down a lot - (around 35%) -Post-industrial (2000 AD) stabilises (10%)

describe the development of secondary industry over time (3 periods)

-Pre-industrial (1800 AD) low (20%) -Industrial- small climb - ( around 50%) -Post-Industrial (2000 AD)- dips down again (30%)

describe the development of tertiary industry over time (3 periods)

-Pre-industrial (1800 AD) low (10%) -Industrial - small climb (around 35%) -Post-Industrial (2000 AD) high (60%)

describe the development of quaternary industry over time

-Post-Industrial (2000 AD) - starting big climb - low (5%)

economic development and employment between HICs

UK very little primary (barely any) around 1/6 secondary (a decent amount) over 75% tertiary (a huge amount)

economic development and employment between LICs

Ethiopia 75% primary (a lot) secondary 1/3 of what is left (a little bit) 2/3 of what is left tertiary (a decent amount)

economic development and employment between MICs

China around 1/3 primary (a lot) around 1/2 of what is left is secondary (a decent amount) tertiary is equal to secondary (a decent amount)