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DPT 720- Exercise Physiology and Nutrition > 4: Physical Training > Flashcards

4: Physical Training Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference in deaths from CV disease between 1970s and today?

A

1970’s: 50%

200$: 36.3 %

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2
Q

What are some factors related to the decline in prevalence of cardiovascular disease?

A
  • Lifestyle changes (nutrition, smoking, exercise, etc.)
  • Improved medial techniques and diagnosis
  • Improved emergency care and treatment
  • Improved drugs
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3
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Insufficient blood to tissue due to partial blockage of artery.

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4
Q

What is caused by blockage of arteries supplying cardiac tissue?

A

Coronary artery disease

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5
Q

When is ischemia most common?

A

During physical activity or times of stress

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6
Q

What does ischemia typically result in?

A

angina pectoris (severe chest pain)

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7
Q

What causes myocardial infarctions?

A

(heart attack): severe or complete blockage, leading to cell death in the heart

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8
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

progressive narrowing of artery due to plaque

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9
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial wall

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10
Q

What is a lack of blood supply to part of the brain, causing brain tissue death?

A

stroke

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11
Q

What are the 2 main types of stroke?

A

ischemic and hemorrhagic

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12
Q

What is ischemic stroke caused by?

A

blockage of a vessel

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13
Q

What is hemorrhagic stroke caused by?

A

rupture of a vessel

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14
Q

What are the predisposing factors for stroke?

A
  • Hypertension

- Atherosclerotic damage

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15
Q

How does heart failure occur?

A

ventricles cannot contract, so cardiac output is insufficient

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16
Q

What is acute heart failure caused by?

A

heart attack resulting from toxic substance or drug, coronary artery blockage

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17
Q

What is chronic heart failure caused by?

A

hypertension, multiple minor heart attacks, viral infection

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18
Q

What is hypertension?

A

> 140/90 mmHg

19
Q

What does hypertension cause?

A

heart has to work harder to pump, increased oxygen demand of tissue, increase strain on arteries, increase risk of failure etc.

20
Q

1 in ___ adult americans is hypertensive

A

3

21
Q

When is medical clearance required?

A
  • severe medical contraindications
  • increased risk for cardiovascular disease (age, symptoms)
  • diagnosis of certain diseases
22
Q

What does ECG measure? what does it determine?

A

cardiac electrical conductivity

cardiac rythym or contraction and relaxation

23
Q

What is electrical conductivity?

A

movement of ions during contraction and relaxation of cardiac tissue

24
Q

What are some abnormalities that can be seen on an ECG?

A
  • cardiac arrhythmias

- ST segment depression (myocardial ischemia)

25
Q

What indicates CAD?

A

ST-segment depression

26
Q

What is the minimal duration for aerobic exercise?

A

20-30 min per session

27
Q

What is high intensity exercise associated with?

A
  • greater cardiovascular risk
  • greater chance of orthopedic injury
  • lower adherence to training
28
Q

What is the minimal frequency for aerobic training?

A

3 days per week

29
Q

When do most increases in peak O2 consumption occur?

A

with 3 x per week

30
Q

Increasing aerobic training frequency does what?

A

increases aerobic capabilities (5 days per week)

31
Q

What increases incidence of injury when it comes to frequency?

A

increasing it to greater than 5 time s week

32
Q

What is the most important variable when ti comes to designing an aerobic training program?

A

Intensity

33
Q

What is the minimal threshold for aerobic training intensity?

A

55-65% max heart rate

34
Q

What is the upper end range of intensity for health and fitness gains?

A

94% HR

35
Q

What is the range for optimal gains for aerobic training intensity?

A

77-90% HR

36
Q

How is max HR calculated?

A

220- age in years or 207- (0.7 x age in years)

37
Q

What is the HRR method/ Karvonen method?

A

Used to estimate the HR needed to exercise at a specific % of peak O2 consumption

38
Q

For fitness gains, train at _______ peak O2 consumption

A

40-85%

39
Q

HRR=

A

HRmax - HRrest

40
Q

What is the upper limit for aerobic fitness duration?

A

60 min /day

41
Q

How does intensity progress?

A

55% HRmax - 90% HRmax

42
Q

What are the interval durations?

A

5-10 sec for short-term sprint
30 sec - 2 min for intermediate sprint
>2 min for aerobic/endurance

43
Q

What is the recovery HR for patients 20-29 y.o.

A

140 bpm

44
Q

How long should cool down be?

A

10-15 min of light aerobic activity

DPT 720- Exercise Physiology and Nutrition (6 decks)

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