(4) Physical Examination of Urine (notes only) (RVSP)

Question 0

Major pigment in urine

Answer 0

Urobilin

Question 1

3 pigments in urine

Answer 1

Urochrome
Uroerythrin
Urobilin

Question 2

Pathologic cause of clear red urine

Answer 2

Hemoglobinuria

Myoglobinuria

Question 3

Non-pathologic cause for clear red urine

Answer 3

Medication
Diet
Contamination

Question 4

Pathologic cause for cloudy red urine

Answer 4

Hematuria

Question 5

Non-patholgic cause for cloudy red urine

Answer 5

Menstrual contamination

Question 6

Pathologic cause for portwine red urine

Answer 6

Porphyrin (lead poisoning, altered Hb synthesis)

Question 7

Non-pathologic cause for portwine red urine

Answer 7

Medication
Diet
Contamination

Question 8

Pathologic cause for dark yellow to amber urine

Answer 8

Bilirubin

Question 9

Non-pathologic cause for dark yellow to amber urine

Answer 9

Concentrated urine

Question 10

Pathologic cause for yellow-green urine

Answer 10

Oxidation of bilirubin

Question 11

Non-pathologic cause for yellow-green urine

Answer 11

Contamination

Question 12

Pathologic causes for blue-green urine

Answer 12

Pseudomonas infection

Melanin

Question 13

Non-pathologic causes for blue-green urine

Answer 13

Medication

Diet

Question 14

Pathologic causes for brown to black urine

Answer 14

Homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria)
Methemoglobin (acidification)

Question 15

Non-pathologic causes for brown to black urine

Answer 15

Medication (Metronidazole)

Question 16

Pathologic causes for ambnormal clarity of urine

Answer 16

Bacteria
Renal epithelial cells
RBC
Abnormal crystals
WBC
Lipids
Lymph fluid
Yeast

Question 17

Non-pathologic causes for abnormal clarity of urine

Answer 17

Fecal contamination
Mucus threads
Normal crystals
Radiographic contrast med.
Semen
Squamous epithelial cells
Talcum powder
Vaginal creams

Question 18

Presence of pus cells in urine

Answer 18

Pyuria

Question 19

Methods for specific gravity determination

Answer 19

Urinometer
Harmonic Oscillation Densitometry
Refractometer
Reagent strip

Question 20

Scale reading in urinometer

Answer 20

Lower meniscus

Question 21

Calibration temperature for urinometer

Answer 21

20°C

Question 22

Frequency of a sound wave entering a solution changes in proportion to the density of the solution

Answer 22

Harmonic Oscillation Densitometry

Question 23

Determines the conc of dissolved particles by measuring the refractive index

Answer 23

Refractometer

Question 24

Value for isosthenuria

Answer 24

1.010

Question 25

Value for hypersthenuria

Answer 25

>1.010

Question 26

Value for hyposthenuria

Answer 26

<1.010

Question 27

Normal odor of urine

Answer 27

Aromatic

Question 28

Causes foul, ammonia-like odor of urine

Answer 28

Bacterial decomposition, UTI

Question 29

Causes fruity/sweet odor of urine

Answer 29

Ketones

Question 30

Caues maple syrup odor of urine

Answer 30

MSUD

Question 31

Causes mousy odor of urine

Answer 31

Phenylketonuria

Question 32

Causes rancid odor of urine

Answer 32

Tyrosinemia

Question 33

Causes sweaty feet odor of urine

Answer 33

Isovaleric acidemia

Question 34

Causes cabbage odor of urine

Answer 34

Methionine malabsorption

Question 35

Causes bleach odor of urine

Answer 35

Contamination

Question 36

Odor caused by bacterial decomposition or UTI

Answer 36

Foul, ammonia-like

Question 37

Odor caused by ketones

Answer 37

Sweet, fruity

Question 38

Odor caused MSUD

Answer 38

Maple syrup

Question 39

Odor caused by phenylketonuria

Answer 39

Mousy

Question 40

Odor caused by tyrosinemia

Answer 40

Rancid

Question 41

Odor caused by isovaleric acidemia

Answer 41

Sweaty feet

Question 42

Odor caused by methionine malabsorption

Answer 42

Cabbage

Question 43

Odor caused by contamination

Answer 43

Bleach