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Year 12 2024 > 4. Photosynthesis > Flashcards

4. Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Inputs to light dependent reaction (LDR)

A

Water
ADP + Pi
NADP+
Light* not a chemical if asked for chemical inputs

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2
Q

Outputs of LDR

A

Oxygen
ATP
NADPH

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3
Q

Inputs to light independent reaction (LIR)

A

Carbon dioxide
ATP
NADPH

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4
Q

Outputs of LIR

A

Glucose
ADP + Pi
NADP+

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5
Q

State the the role of the co-enzyme NADPH in photosynthesis

A

NADP+ is a coenzyme assists enzymes. NADP+ carries hydrogen ions and electrons by forming NADPH and moves from the light dependent reaction to the light independent reaction in a cyclical manner.

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6
Q

State the the role of the co-enzyme ATP in photosynthesis

A

ADP is a coenzyme assists enzymes. ADP carries energy by forming ATP and moves from the light dependent reaction to the light independent reaction in a cyclical manner.

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7
Q

State the role of Rubisco in all plants

A

Catalyse reducing carbon dioxide to form glucose in the light independent reaction in the stroma of a chloroplast.

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8
Q

State the name of the process when Rubisco is competitively inhibited by oxygen

A

Photorespiration

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9
Q

State where C4 plants evolved and how their reactions of the light indendendent reaction differs from C3 plants

A

Hot conditions.
They separate parts of the LIR in different places and also use PepCase. Part of the LIR occurs in the mesophyll then part occurs in the bundle sheath.

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10
Q

State where CAM plants evolved and how their reactions of the light indendendent reaction differs from C3 plants

A

Hot dry conditions.
Separate based on time, LIR in day and night.

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11
Q

Role of the chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

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12
Q

Location of Light dependent reaction within the chloroplast

A

Grana

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13
Q

Location of light independent reaction within the chloroplast

A

Stroma

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14
Q

Describe the role of NADP+ in photosythesis.

A

NADP+ is a coenzyme assists enzymes. NADP+ carries hydrogen ions and electrons by forming NADPH and moves from the light dependent reaction to the light independent reaction in a cyclical manner.

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15
Q

Endosymbiotic theory is a theory that ….

A

Chloroplast and mitochondria originated when a prokaryote engulfed another prokaryote cell speciliased in photosynthesis or energy conversion from glucose to ATP

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16
Q

Evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory of chloroplast origin is ..

A

Double membrane, Bacterial ribosomal material (70s ribosomes), own DNA (single circular)

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17
Q

Stroma is the …

A

Fluid, enzyme dense, part of chloroplast where light independent reactions take place.

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18
Q

Granum is the …

A

Stack of folded thylakoid membranes where the light dependent reactions occur.

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19
Q

Photolysis is when…

A

Water is split by light energy to make oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons in the light dependent reaction.

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20
Q

The light independent reaction is also known as …

A

The Calvin Cycle (memory cue CalvIN, CO2 IN)

21
Q

List the three main factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

22
Q

Adaptations of chloroplast structure to perform it’s function are …

A

Membrane - different internal environment
Folded membrane - increased SA:V increasing reaction rate
Fluids - for movement and reactions
Chlorophyll-light trapping pigment

23
Q

What is the net production of ATP in photosynthesis?

A

Zero. The ATP made in the light dependent phase is used in the light independent phase of photosynthesis to form glucose.

24
Q

State what is found in the grana.

A

Chlorophyll ( hence GR for Green)

25
Q

Name the co-enzymes used in photosynthesis.

A

NADP+, ADP +Pi

26
Q

State the process of the light dependent stage of photosynthesis

A

photolysis of water

27
Q

Decribe the process of the light independent stage of photosynthesis

A

Reduction of CO2 to form glucose. This means that carbon dioxide is gaining hydrogen ions and electrons from NADPH.

28
Q

What is the reactant of the Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide

29
Q

Which cells within the leaf contain the most chloroplasts?

A

Palisade Mesophyll

30
Q

Which colour light is best absorbed by chloroplasts to drive photosynthesis?

A

Red

31
Q

How would you measure the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Measure the products (with a time limit).
E.g. Bubbles (of Oxygen) produced per minute, Volume of oxygen produced after 10 min, Change in oxygen concentration (measured using a probe) after 10 min

32
Q

What is photorespiration?

A

Photorespiration is when oxygen binds to Rubisco in place of carbon dioxide (competitive inhibition).

33
Q

What acts as a competitive inhibitor in photorespiration?

A

Oxygen

34
Q

What is the main enzyme used in carbon fixation?

A

Rubisco

35
Q

In a C3 plant in what cells does the Light Dependent reaction occur?

A

Mesophyll cells

36
Q

In a C3 plant in what cells does the Light Independent reaction occur?

A

Mesophyll cells

37
Q

In a C4 plant in what cells does the Light Dependent reaction occur?

A

Mesophyll cells

38
Q

In a C4 plant in what cells does the Light Independent reaction occur?

A

Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

39
Q

How is the Light dependent and independent reaction separated in C4 plants?

A

By location, LDR in the mesophyll, LIR in the Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath

40
Q

How is the Light dependent and independent reaction separated in CAM plants?

A

By time, the LDR occurs in the day and the LIR carbon fixation at night (the rest of the LIR- calvin cycle occurs during the day, this is when glucose is formed)

41
Q

In what type of climate do C3 plants exist and flourish?

A

Cool, wet climate

42
Q

In what type of climate do C4 plants exist and flourish?

A

Hot climate

43
Q

In what type of climate do CAM plants exist and flourish?

A

Hot and dry climate

44
Q

What extra enzyme is used in carbon fixation of C4 and CAM plants?

A

PEPCase

45
Q

Where does the light dependent reaction occur

A

In the grana within the chloroplast organelle, within the mesophyll cells/tissue of the leaf.

46
Q

Explain why a higher temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis.

A

Because enzymes catalayse all reactions in photosynthesis
Then increasing the temperature will lead to more kinetic energy and more successful collisions between enzymes and substrates and more enzyme substrate complexes
Therefore more product formed and a higher rate of photosynthesis.

47
Q

Describe the role of ADP in photosynthesis

A

ADP is a coenzyme assists enzymes. ADP carries energy by forming ATP and moves from the light dependent reaction to the light independent reaction in a cyclical manner.

48
Q

Draw and label a chloroplast.

A
49
Q
A

Year 12 2024 (16 decks)

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