02. Scientific skills Flashcards
Describe the differences between quantitative and qualitative data
Qualitative data is descriptions e.g. colour and is represented with a bar graph as the data is discontinuous.
Quantitative data is numerical data e.g. 10 seconds and is represented as a line graph or histogram as it is continuous data.
Define independent variable
The independent variable is a factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment to determine it’s effect on the dependent variable.
Define dependent variable
The dependent variable is measured to determine if the change or manipulation of the independent variable had any effect.
Define controlled variable
A controlled variable is one that is kept constant throughout the experiment.
Define reproducibility
Reproducibility is the closeness of results between a different experiment testing the same thing carried out by a different experimenter.
Define accuracy
The accuracy of a measurement relates to how close it is to the ‘true’ value of the quantity being measured.
Define precision
how closely a set of measurement values agree with each other.
How do you improve accuracy?
improve the measuring tool that is used to measure the dependent variable or collecting quantitative data instead of qualitative data.
How do you improve repeatability?
More repeats
Define repeatability
Repeatability is the closeness of results between the same experiment carried out by the same experimenter.
Define control group
Factor affecting change has been removed, to provide a baseline of a comparison to the experimental group
Suggest an alternative experiment if a scientist cannot do a controlled experiment
Correlational study/case study/classification and identification or field work
State why a controlled experiment is not always possible
It might be unethical to carry one out
Define fieldwork
Fieldwork is practical work, including experiential learning and research, conducted in the natural environment rather than in formal teaching environment or laboratories.
Define a correlational study
Planned observation and recording of events and behaviours (that have not been manipulated or controlled) to understand the relationships/associations that exist between variables.
