4. Mood Disorders

Question 1

What are mood disorders?

Answer 1

Defining feature is abnormal mood with emotional extremes. Includes intense, persistent and maladaptive disturbances

Question 2

Mood disorders can be divided into

Answer 2

• depressive disorders
• bipolar disorders
• mood disorder due to general medical cond.
• substance-induced mood disorder

Question 3

Unipolar depressive disorders

Answer 3

Only depressive episodes

Question 4

Bipolar depressive disorders

Answer 4

Manic and depressive episodes (Bipolar I), hypomanic and depressive episodes (Bipolar II)

Question 5

Essential DSM feature of Major Depressive Episode

Answer 5

Depressed mood OR loss of interest / pleasure for at least two weeks

Question 6

Criteria B of MDE (at least four)

Answer 6

Changes in weight or appetite
changes in sleep
altered psychomotor activity
decreased energy
feelings of worthlessness or guilt
difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
Recurrent thoughts of dead or suicidal ideation, plans or attempts

Question 7

Essential DSM features of Manic Episode

Answer 7

Distinct period of abnormality and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood AND increased energy/activity (DSM 5 change) for at least 1 week (less if hospitalisation req’d)

Question 8

Criteria B of Manic Episode (at least 3)

Answer 8

• Inflated self-esteem, grandiosity
• Decreased need for sleep
• Pressured speech
• Flight of ideas
• Distractibility
• Increased involvement in goal-related activities or psychomotor agitation
• Excessive involvement in pleasurable, risky activities

Question 9

Essential DSM features of Hypomanic Episode

Answer 9

Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood AND increased energy/activity (DSM5) lasting at least 4 days

Question 10

Criteria B of Hypomanic Episode (at least 3)

Answer 10

• Inflated self-esteem, grandiosity
• Decreased need for sleep
• Pressure of speech
• Flight of ideas
• Distractability
• Increased involvement in goal-related activities or psychomotor agitation
• Excessive involvement in pleasurable, risky activities

Question 11

Criteria D and E for hypomanic episode

Answer 11

D ) observable by others E ) Not severe enough to cause marked impairment, necessitate hospitilisation and no psychotic features

Question 12

Lifetime prevalence for unipolar depression

Answer 12

~ 17%

Question 13

Lifetime prev. bipolar

Answer 13

~ 1%

Question 14

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 14

• Lasts a long time (at least 2 years)
• Intermittent normal moods occur briefly
• mild to moderate depression

Question 15

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 15

One or more MDE
no history of manic or hypomanic episodes
MDD recurrent = 2 or more episodes

Question 16

Negative cognitive triad

Answer 16

The self, The Future, The world = negative = depression

Question 17

Theories (Psych.) Depression

Answer 17

Reformulated helplessness, helplessness, remunerating

Question 18

Interpersonal causal factors in depression

Answer 18

Lack of social support/skills, Hostility and rejection from others, marital dissatisfaction

Question 19

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 19

Less severe mood swings than Bipolar I

Question 20

Bipolar I vs II

Answer 20

Bipolar one includes at least one manic episode, Bipolar II; not full blown manic

Question 21

Psychological Causes of Bipolar

Answer 21

• Stressful life events - Personality - Low social support - Pessimistic attributional style