10. Schizophrenia

Question 1

Psychosis

Answer 1

is a significant loss of contact with reality

Question 2

When does schizophrenia usually occur?

Answer 2

Late adolescence or early adulthood

Question 3

Criteria A

Answer 3

1) delusions 2) hallucinations 3) disorganised speech 4) grossly disorganised or catatonic behav. 5) negative symptoms (dim. emotional expression)

Question 4

Criteria B

Answer 4

Level of functioning has decreased

Question 5

Criteria C

Answer 5

Disturbance at least 6 months

Question 6

Criteria D

Answer 6

Schizoaffective, depressive or bipolar disorder ruled out

Question 7

Kraeplin -

Answer 7

Dementia praecox - mental deterioration at an early age

Question 8

Major problem with dementia praecox

Answer 8

It is assumed that progressive deterioration of the brain is universal - wrong

Question 9

When did the first clinical description of schizophrenia appear?

Answer 9

1810

Question 10

The term Schizophrenia was first used in

Answer 10

1911 - Eugen Bleuler

Question 11

Hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 11

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganised speech

Question 12

Delusions

Answer 12

• Erroneous beliefs
• Firmly held despite clear contradictory evidence
• disturbance in content of thought

Question 13

Hallucinations

Answer 13

• Sensory experience…
• Seems real but occurs in absence of any external perceptual stimulus
• Most common is auditory
• Can occur in any sensory modality

Question 14

Disorganised speech

Answer 14

• failure to make sense

- Disturbance in form of thought

Question 15

When is disorganised speech more common?

Answer 15

In chronic schizophrenia

Question 16

Disorganised behaviout

Answer 16

Impairment of goal-directed activity
catatonia (minimal movement)
catatonia stupor

Question 17

Catatonia Stupor

Answer 17

Unusual position of body

Question 18

Positive Symptoms

Answer 18

• Excess or distortion in normal repetoire of behaviour

Question 19

Negative symptoms

Answer 19

• absence or deficit of normally present behavs

Question 20

Other psychotic disorders (5)

Answer 20

• schizoaffective disorder
• schizophreniform
• delusional disorder
• brief psychotic disorder
• shared psychotic disorder

Question 21

Genetic risks of developing schizophrenia

Answer 21

Having a first degree relative with schizophrenia increases chance of having disorder by 10 times

Question 22

Prenatal exposures which can increase risk of schizophrenia

Answer 22

Infection, rhesus incompatibility, early nutritional deficiencies and maternal stress, pregnancy and birth complications

Question 23

What is the current theory on the cause of schizophrenia

Answer 23

interactions - genes and environment

Question 24

Brain areas abnormal in schizo

Answer 24

• decreased brain volume - enlarged ventricles - thalamus- frontal lobe - temporal lobe - amygdala

Question 25

Neurocognitive deficits

Answer 25

attention and memory deficits - eyetracking issues

Question 26

Diathesis Stress Model

Answer 26

• interplay between genes and environment

Question 27

Psychosocial and cultural aspects in schizophrenia

Answer 27

• cannabis use - families - urban living - immigration

Question 28

Schizoaffective Disorder

Answer 28

Major mood episode and criteria A of schizophrenia

Question 29

Two subtypes schizoaffective

Answer 29

biopolar or depressive type

Question 30

Pharmacological approaches to schizophrenia treatment

Answer 30

• first. gen. antipsychotics - 2nd gen antipsychotic -

Question 31

Psychosocial approaches to treating schizophrenia (5)

Answer 31

• family therapy - case management - social-skills training - cognitive remediation - cognitive-behave therapy

Question 32

Neurotransmitters implicated

Answer 32

• dopamine

- glutamate

Question 33

Better outcomes male or female?

Answer 33

female, generally