3 Anxiety Disorders & OCD Flashcards
What is Anxiety?
Future focused negative affect focused on the possibility of danger or misfortune
What is fear?
Present oriented response to immediate threat
What is panic?
Sudden, uncontrollable, overwhelming fear; may also capture the behav. components
Biological contributions to anxiety (3)
- Neurotransmitters
- Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)
- ANS - Symp & Para
Part of ANS assoc. with flight or fight
Sympathetic
Physical Symptoms of Anxiety (7)
- sweating
- blushing
- dizziness
- shortness of breath
- numbness or tingling
- Heart racing
- Trembling
Psychological and Social Contributions to Anxiety? (4)
- Environment -
- parent responses
- secure home base
- Learning - classical and operant conditioning
- Cognition
- Appraisal and interpretation of environment
- Social
- Stressors
Specific Phobia prevalence
- Lifetime prevalence - 12 %
Specific Phobia
An irrational fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with an individuals ability to function
Blood-injury-injection can cause
Vasovagal response - blood pressure drops suddenly - faint
Social Phobia
Anxiety regarding social or performance situations
- unfamilliar
- possible scrutiny
- humiliation or embarrassment
Comorbidity of depression and social phobia?
- 50%
Life-time prevalence of Social Phobia?
12 %
Key treatment to social phobia?
Exposure therapy
GAD
- Excessive and uncontrollable worry
- At least 6 months
- More days than not
How do GAD sufferers physical symptoms differentiate from typical anxiety?
- ANS cannot sustain 6 months
- GAD sufferers show less responsiveness to stress
- muscle tension differences
Cognitive differences in GAD
Hypervigilance to potential threat
GAD and uncertainty
Cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions to uncertainty in everyday life
Cognitive model of GAD
- Intolerance of uncertainty
- Poor-problem orientation
- Cognitive avoidance
- Positive beliefs about worry
Panic Disorder
A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which four or more of the following symptoms developed abruptly and reached a peak within 10 min
Symptoms of Panic Disorder (13)
- Palpitations
- Sweating
- Trembling
- Sensations of shortness of breath
- Feeling of choking
- Chest pain
- Nausea/ abdominal stress
- Dizziness
- Derealisation/depersonalition
- Fear of losing control or going crazy
- Fear of dying
- Parathesis
- Chills or hot flushes
What is the fear associated with panic disorder?
- Persistent concern about having additional attacks
At least on of the attacks has been followed by 1 month + of the following (5)
- Persistent concern about having additional attacks
- Worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences (going crazy, having a heart attack etc.)
- Significant change in behaviour related to the attacks
- Not better accounted for by a physiological disorder
- Not due to a substance
Agoraphobia
Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or where help may not be available
Etiology of Panic Disorder
- Hypersensitive to stress = pronounced physiological reactions
- Person begins associating physical symptoms with stress
- Which become triggers
Obsessions
- Intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts images or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate
Compulsions
The thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsessions and provide relief
