4 - Metabolic pathways and ATP production II Flashcards
Where does the generation of acetyl CoA occur?
in the mitochondria
LO: Perform calculations to calculate the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration
GLYCOLYSIS: - 2 ATP - 2 NADH LINK REACTION: - 2 NADH TCA CYCLE: - 6 NADH - 2 GTP - 2 FADH2
TOTAL: - 4 ATP - 10 NADH X 3 = 30 ATP - 2 FADH2 X 2 = 4 ATP 38 ATP
Where is the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase found?
(an integral membrane protein which is) firmly attached to the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane
In general, how are amino acids degraded?
the amino group is removed (and eventually excreted as urea)
the carbon skeleton is either funnelled into production of glucose or fed into the Krebs cycle
Protein metabolism involves _____ reaction
transamination
Give an example of transamination reaction that uses the amino acid alanine and explain how it would be converted into acetyl CoA
alanine + α-ketoglutarate —–> pyruvate + glutamate
enzyme = alanine aminotransferase
pyruvate enters the TCA cycle
What are the 2 shuttles which allow for the electrons from NADH to be carried across the mitochondrial membrane?
GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE SHUTTLE
in the skeletal muscle and brain
MALATE-ASPARTATE SHUTTLE
in the liver, kidney and heart
LO: Recall two examples of the use of NADPH in reductive biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of DNA and RNA
A co-factor in the pathway involved in thymidine synthesis
Synthesis of cholesterol