4 - Metabolic pathways and ATP production II Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the generation of acetyl CoA occur?

A

in the mitochondria

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2
Q

LO: Perform calculations to calculate the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration

A
GLYCOLYSIS:
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
LINK REACTION:
- 2 NADH
TCA CYCLE:
- 6 NADH
- 2 GTP
- 2 FADH2
TOTAL:
- 4 ATP
- 10 NADH X 3 = 30 ATP
- 2 FADH2 X 2 = 4 ATP
38 ATP
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3
Q

Where is the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase found?

A

(an integral membrane protein which is) firmly attached to the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane

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4
Q

In general, how are amino acids degraded?

A

the amino group is removed (and eventually excreted as urea)

the carbon skeleton is either funnelled into production of glucose or fed into the Krebs cycle

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5
Q

Protein metabolism involves _____ reaction

A

transamination

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6
Q

Give an example of transamination reaction that uses the amino acid alanine and explain how it would be converted into acetyl CoA

A

alanine + α-ketoglutarate —–> pyruvate + glutamate

enzyme = alanine aminotransferase

pyruvate enters the TCA cycle

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7
Q

What are the 2 shuttles which allow for the electrons from NADH to be carried across the mitochondrial membrane?

A

GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE SHUTTLE
in the skeletal muscle and brain
MALATE-ASPARTATE SHUTTLE
in the liver, kidney and heart

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8
Q

LO: Recall two examples of the use of NADPH in reductive biosynthesis

A

Biosynthesis of DNA and RNA
A co-factor in the pathway involved in thymidine synthesis
Synthesis of cholesterol

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