4: Lipids Flashcards
heterogenous group of compounds including fats, oils, waxes, and other compounds related based on their physical properties
Lipids
liquid at normal room temperature except Theobroma Cacao
Fatty or Fixed Oils
semi-solid or solid at room temperature except cod liver oil
Fats
storage form of energy and are metabolic regulators
Lipids
Serve as thermal insulators
Lipids
3 Classifications of Lipids
Simple Lipids
Complex Lipids
Precursors and Derived Lipids
esters of fatty acids w/ various alcohols
Simple Lipids
esters of fatty acids with glycerol
Fats
esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight
Waxes
esters of fatty acids containing groups in addition to alcohol and fatty acids
Complex Lipids
lipid containing fatty acids and alcohols. a phosphoric acid residue
Phospholipids
Lipids containing a fatty acid, sphingosine, and carbohydrates
Glycolipids
aliphatic CA (carboxylic acid) that occurs mainly as esters in natural fats and oils
Fatty Acids
unesterified form of fatty acids
Free Fatty Acids
usually straight chain derivatives that contains an even number of carbon atoms and can be saturated or unsaturated
Fatty Acids
usually seen in 14-24 chains in biological systems that are all single bonds
Saturated Fatty Acids
most common number of carbon fatty acid chain
16-18
fatty acid carbon chains with double bonds
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
unsaturated fatty acids containing only one double bond
Monounsaturated
unsaturated fatty acids containing two or more double bonds
Polyunsaturated
3 ways of Identification of Fats and Oils
Saponification Number
Iodine Number
Acid Number
no. of mg of KOH required to saponify the free and combined fatty acids in 1g of a given fat
Saponification Number
indicates the molecular weight of fats/oils and is inversely proportional to it
Saponification Number
no. of g of iodine absorbed by 100g of fat
Iodine Number
measure of degree of unsaturation of fat
Iodine Number
no. of mg of KOH required to neutralize the fatty acid in 1g of fat
Acid number
indicates the degree of rancidity of fats
Acid Number
When fatty acids react with base to form salt or soap
Salt formation
fatty acids with phosphorus halides to acyl halides
Formation of Halides
fatty acids react with alcohol in the presence of a strong acid to ester (triglycerides)
Formation of Esters
unsaturated fatty acids undergoes through this in the presence of reducing agents to form saturated fatty acids
Reduction of Hydrogenation
when triglycerides interact with the lipase enzyme in the digestive tract of an animal to give fatty acids and glycerol
Hydrolysis
triglycerides hydrolized by alkalis obtaining sodium or potassium salts that are then called soaps
Saponification
glycerol + salts of fatty acids
Saponification
when unsaturated glycerides react with hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst to give saturated gycerides
Hydrogenation
capability of fats and oils of adding halogens
Halogenation
that determines the degree of unsaturation
Halogenation
