4. Interstitial, alveolar diseases

Question 1

2 types of presentation of parenchymal chest disease (and sub categories

Answer 1

1 increased density of lung (air space consolidation, interstitial pattern, combined airspace and interstitial pattern)

2 Decreased density of lung (emphysema)

Question 2

what are the steps of a parenchymal lung disease (3)

Answer 2

1. First the alveoli are injured and lungs become inflammed
2. Scarring of the lungs may develop and lungs become stiff
3. With enough damage from scaring, oxygen can’t easily move thru intersitioum

Question 3

causes of diffuse interstitial diseases

Answer 3

(inflammatory proces->Fibrosis->interstitial increased)

• Inhaled substance/pneumoconiosis
• drug induced
• connective tissue diseases
• infectiion
• neoplastic

Question 4

What is reticular interstitial markings

Answer 4

many rounded densities/ linear (abnormal interstitial markings)

Question 5

causes of diffuse interstitial pattern

Answer 5

Pulmonary edema
tb
histoplasmosis
coccidiomycosis
lymphangitis carcinomatosis
asbestosis

Question 6

if you see bilateral hilarity enlagement what is the mc cause likely

Answer 6

Lymph node probably

Question 7

causes of lymphadenopathy (mc)

Answer 7

• bronchogenic carcinoma (mc)
• Metastisis
• Lymphoma
• Infection
• Sarcoidosis

Question 8

What is sarcoidosis (pulmonary and non pulmonary syptoms

Answer 8

multisystem granulomatous disease

• -Clasically presents w pulmonary, eye or skin lesions
• -Pulmonary findings are present in 60-70% of individuals

pulmonary findings: Bilateral symmetric hilar lymphagenopathy and mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Question 9

size of mincronodular/reticulonodular, nodule and mass (in cm)

Answer 9

micronodular- 1-5mm

nodule- .5-3cm

mass- >3cm

Question 10

solitary pulmonary nodule primary cause

Answer 10

bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 11

A speculated margin surrounding a nodule is suggestive of what

Answer 11

Suggestive of carcinoma

Question 12

causes of calcified granulomas and mc cause

Answer 12

Histoplasmosis (mc)

TB

Question 13

what is a caveatting mass

Answer 13

pulmonary mass with central air lucency

Question 14

causes of caveatting pulmonary nodule and (mc)

Answer 14

neoplasm (primary mc)
Inf
Inflammatory
congenital

Question 15

Bronchogenic carcinoma epidemiology

Answer 15

Leading cause of cancer death in men and women

only 3-4% of all patients with lung cancer are cured

Question 16

s/s of bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer 16

-coughing/wheezing
-dyspnea
hemoptysis
-chest pain
-weight loss

Question 17

imaging signs of panacoast tumor

Answer 17

• apical lung mass

- destruction of adjacent rib or spine

Question 18

clinical findings/physical of pan coast tumor

Answer 18

Neck, arm, shoulder pain
horner syndrome (mitosis, ptosis, enopthalmos, anhydrous)