2. Anomolies, Atelectasis, Consolidation

Question 1

What is an azygous lobe

Answer 1

Created when azygos vein is laterally positioned and makes a deep fissure in the upper part of lung during embryological development

Question 2

What is srb’s anomaly

Answer 2

1st and 2nd ribs are fused parially or completely

Question 3

What is lushkas bifurcated rib and sig

Answer 3

Ant aspect of upper rib is forked
most common rib anomaly
no clinical sig

Question 4

What is a rib foramen + loc

Answer 4

located in post aspect of lower rib
oval shaped foramen
no clinical sig

Question 5

What is an intrathoracic rib

Answer 5

A vertical bone which arises from the ;lateral vert body or post rib in the mid thoracic region

Question 6

Similarities of consolidation and atelectasis

Answer 6

Both appear as opacity in th involved areas of the lung

Question 7

What is the silhouette sign

Answer 7

loss of normal lung/soft tissue interface or silhouette

causes: lobar consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion

Question 8

imaging signs of lobar consolidation

Answer 8

• patchy, homogeneous or generalized opacity that obscure the interstitial markings
• fluffy opacities
• preserved luung volume

Question 9

What is the air bronchogram sign and what do u see it in

Answer 9

Can see air in bronchi beyond the primary bronchi (lobar consolidation)

Question 10

What is consolidation

Answer 10

Filling of the alveoli by any cause

fluid, pus, blood, tumor

Question 11

Causes of lobar consolidation

Answer 11

• infectious (pneumonia, TB)
• Blood- (pulmonary hemorrhage)

FLuid (pulmonary oedema secondary to heart failure, ARDS)

Neoplasms

Inflammatory

Question 12

Why is an air bronchogram sign seen

Answer 12

seen w consolidation of lung tissue surrounding the bronchi

Question 13

What is atelectasis

Answer 13

Collapse of a lobe or portion of a lobe w resorption of our from the alveoli

• will see an opaque lobe and the fissure will likely move up towards it so the other rlobe can compensate

Question 14

What are the signs of volume loss in atelectasis (6)

Answer 14

1 displacement of fissure (towards opacity)
2 Elevation of a hemidiaphram (on side of collapse)
3 Shift of mediastinum (towards opacity)
4. Displaced hills (towards opacity(
5 Crowding of vasculature
6 Splaying of vasculature

Question 15

Clinical signs of atelectasis

Answer 15

• Respiratory distress
• dyspenae
• pulse (tachycardia)
• respiratory rate (tachypnea)
• pleural pain
• central cyanosis

Question 16

LUL atelectasis radiographic signs

Answer 16

Blurring of the left heart border
Increased opacity adjacent to the left heart border

Ant displacement of major fissure
elevation of left diaphragm
shift of mediastiinum left

Question 17

Signs of atelectasis of RML

Answer 17

Increased opacity adjacent to the right heart border
horizontal fissure is not visible in frontal view
Blurring of r heart brder

Elevation of r hemidiaphram
Shift of mediastinum t R
inf displacement of minor fissure

Question 18

Atelectasis of RLL signs

Answer 18

Triangular opacity at base of R lung medially
Dome of R hemidiaphram is lost= silhouette sign

shift of mediastinum and trachea to the right
right hilum depressed

Question 19

Causes of atelectasis (4 categories)

Answer 19

Compressive- pleural effusion, pneumothorax, bulgae, hemothoracx, any space occupying lesion

Obstrictive- ventilation to area is absent or reduced leading to collapse (tumor/aneurysm,aspiration, mucus plugging)

Fibrosis

Adhesive