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Integumentary > 4] Infection Control > Flashcards

4] Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Micro-organisms that survive on the skin

A

Normal flora

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2
Q

How do normal flora serve a protective function?

A

By stopping the growth of more virulent micro-organisms

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3
Q

2 ways infections occur

A

Breach of intact skin or systemic infection

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4
Q

6 ways intact skin gets breached

A 
Microscopic
Surgery
Trauma
Lacerations
Burns
Pressure ulcers
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5
Q

2 ways for systemic infections

A

Blood borne

Sepsis

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6
Q

10 factors that influence liklihood of an infection

A 
Necrosis/slough
Perfusion
Size of wound 
Duration of wound
Smoking
Drug and alcohol use
Poor nutrition 
Lack of sleep and exercise
Comorbidities 
Immunosuppression
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7
Q

Presence of bacteria on wound surfaces with no multiplication of bacteria

A

Contamination

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8
Q

All wounds are ???

A

Contaminated

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9
Q

Multiplication of micro-organisms on the

wound surface without invasion of wound tissue and no host immune response

A

Colonization

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10
Q

Presence of proliferating bacteria on the
wound surface where healing is delayed or stopped and subtle clinical signs of host
injury are noted

A

Critical colonization

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11
Q

Invasion and multiplication of micro-
organisms in wound tissue resulting in
pathophysiologic effects or tissue injury

A

Infection

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12
Q

7 signs of critical colonization

A 
Discoloration of granulation tissue
Friable granulation tissue
Pocketing in wound base 
Wound breakdown 
Bad odor
High serous exudate levels
Delayed healing
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13
Q

Acute indicators of infected wounds

A 
Pain
Redness
Edema
Heat
Pus
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14
Q

serous drainage with concurrent inflammation,
discoloration of granulation tissue, friable granulation tissue, foul odor, wound
breakdown is what type of wound?

A

Chronic wound

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15
Q

Diabetic indicator of infected wound

A

Pus or 2+ signs of inflammation

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16
Q

Surgical site infection indicator

A

Pus or signs of inflammation and a + culture

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17
Q

What’s an indicator of an infected wound in an immunosuppressed pt?

A

Pain

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18
Q

Population of community of bacterial living in organized structures at a liquid interface

A

Biofilm

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19
Q

Biofilm provides ?

A

Physical protection to bacteria

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20
Q

Biofilm is present in 70-80% of ?

A

Chronic wounds

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21
Q

Biofilm bacteria is attached to?

A

Tissue surfaces

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22
Q

Biofilm looks?

A

Cloudy, slimy

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23
Q

Biofilm interferes with?

A

Epithelialization

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24
Q

Treatment for biofilm

A

Debridement or apply nontoxic antiseptic solution daily

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25
Q

What are 4 issues with biofilm?

A

No validated clinical characteristics
No routine test
Depth for debridement unknown
Inadequate prevention

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26
Q

What’s the acronym for a superficial infection

A

NERDS

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27
Q

What does NERDS stand for

A 
Non healing wounds
Exudate 
Red and bleeding wound surface granulation tissue
Debris (yellow/black) on wound surface 
Smell (bad odor)
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28
Q

What’s the acronym for deep infection?

A

STONES

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29
Q

What does STONES stand for?

A 
Size bigger
Temperature increased
Os (exposed bone)
New wound breakdown 
Exudate, erythema, edema
Smell/odor
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30
Q

Superficial wound infection Dx occurs

A

Within 30 days post op

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31
Q

Superficial wound infection involves skin or subcutaneous tissue of the incision and atleast one of?

A

Pus
Isolated organisms from culture
Signs/Sx of infection
Dx of SSI by surgeon or attending MD

32
Q

Wound cultures only need to be obtained when

A

There are overt or subtle clinical signs of infection
OR
If wound is deteriorating or getting bigger

33
Q

What’s recommended for all diabetic foot infections

A

Wound culture

34
Q

Treatment for infections

A

Antibiotic for 24 hours or longer

35
Q

3 major systemic antibiotics

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin

36
Q

What kind of substances are cytotoxic and should be limited with wound cleansing?

A

Bleach
Acetic acid (vinegar)
Betadine
Hydrogen peroxide

37
Q

2 non tox is cleaning solutions

A 
Isotonic saline 
Wound cleanser (NOT a skin cleanser)
38
Q

agent that inhibits orkills microorganisms

A

Antimicrobial

39
Q

3 classes of antimicrobials

A

Antiseptic
Antibacterial
Antifungal

40
Q

agent that destroys or stopsbacterial growth (i.e. Bacitracin)

A

Antibacterial

41
Q

substance that prevents or arrests the growth or action of microorganisms

A

Antiseptic

42
Q

agent that inhibits or kills fungi

A

Antifungal

43
Q

Betadine

A

Antiseptic

44
Q

Bacitracin

A

Antibacterial

45
Q

Nystatin

A

Antifungal

46
Q

Examples: povidine iodine, acetic acid,hydrogen peroxide, dakin’s solution

A

Examples of antiseptics

47
Q

H2O2 impairs ?

A

Microcirculation

48
Q

Adkins (bleach) delays

A

Clotting, angiogenesis and epithelialization

49
Q

Antibacterials should not be used regularly. T or F

A

True

50
Q

Examples of antibacterials (6)

A 
Bacitracin 
Neosporin 
Gentamicin 
Metrogel 
Mupirocin 
Silvadene
51
Q

Acticoat, Aquacel Ag, Silvasorb,
Silverlon
 All of these products are comparable in ability to fight topical infection.
Dressing?

A

Ionic silver

52
Q

Ex] Iodosorb, Iodoflex

Topical dressing?

A

Molecular iodine

53
Q

Patients infected or colonized with organisms that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact
 Gowns and gloves must be worn

A

Contact precautions

54
Q

Patients known or suspected to be infected with
organisms transmitted by large particle droplets
generated by coughing, sneezing, talking – closeproximity

A

Droplet precautions

55
Q

Patients known or suspected to be infected by

small particle residue of evaporated droplets that remain suspended in air and can be dispersed by air currents

A

Airborne precautions

56
Q

Infection of dermis and subcutaneous layers

A

Cellulitis

57
Q

Forms red, hot painful large areas

Ex] lower legs

A

Cellulitis

58
Q

Patients with ? Are prone to anaerobic cellulitis of thr feet

A

DM

59
Q

Cellulitis is frequently accompanied by

A

Infection

60
Q

Diagnosed by culture, symptoms, ESR, and WBC

A

Cellulitis

61
Q

Managing cellulitis includes ?

A

Antibiotics, elevation of the body part, cool and wet dressing

62
Q

Healthcare associated MRSA usually

A

Blood stream infection

63
Q

Community associated MRSA usually

A

Skin and soft tissue infection

64
Q

Manifest as skin infections suchas pimples and boils
 Treatment is with vancomycin,
clindamycin, or linezolid

A

MRSA

65
Q

What does MRSA stand for

A

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

66
Q

Another form of highly resistant bacteria normally found in intestines and female genital tract

A

VRE

67
Q

What does VRE stand for

A

(Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci)

68
Q

Choice for treating VRE

A

Vancomycin

69
Q

Commonly found in soil and water but also found on skin of healthy people
 Outbreaks rare outside of healthcare settings

A

Acinetobacter Infections

70
Q

Acinetobacter Infections causes

A

Variety of diseases from pneumonia to serious blood and wound infections

71
Q

Acinetobacter Infections can colonize, especially in

A

Trach sites and open wounds

72
Q

Infection that attacks the deeplayers of fascia
 Very aggressive, fast moving
 Releases a toxin that quickly
and irreparably destroys flesh and muscle

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

73
Q

Surgeons often must remove
skin, large groups of muscle, orentire limbs to save a person’s
life

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

74
Q

Yeast, heat rash, candida, whatever – it’s destructive to the skin!
 Satellite lesions typically
present

A

Fungus

75
Q

Best way to treat fungus

A

With powder + zinc oxide ointment

Integumentary (15 decks)

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