14] Nutrition Flashcards
Signs of dehydration (9)
Weight loss Dry skin Rapid pulse Subnormal body temp Low BP Altered sensation Dark urine Thirst Poor skin turgor
Signs of malnutrition (5)
Loss of fat Listlessness Muscle wasting Peripheral edema Dull, dry hair
What 4 things should you make sure of before you give a pt food or water
Make sure they’re not NPO
Can’t be on thickened liquids, liquid restriction or restricted diet (like diabetic or low salt)
Carbs should compromise how much of total calories
50-60%
Carbs do what
Provide energy to cells
Not enough cards results in??
Muscle wasting
Loss of subcutaneous tissue
Poor wound healing
Deficiency of protein leads to
Poor wound healing
Edema
Acts as a solvent for minerals, vitamins, aminoacids, and glucose, enabling them to diffuse
in/out of cells
Water
tube feeding when ability to chew, swallow or absorb nutrients is compromised
Enteral feedings
delivered directly into a vein,
by passing the intestine (used when enteral feeding is contraindicated); i.e. TPN
Parenteral nutrition
With adult malnutrition, how do you Dx?
Identify 2 or more of the 6 characteristics
What are the 6 characteristics of adult malnutrition?
Not enough energy intake Weight loss Loss of muscle mall Loss of subcutaneous fat Local or general fluid accumulations that may mask weight loss Diminished functional status
How is diminished functional status measured?
By hand grip strength
What is TPN?
Nutrition directly into the vein
Half life of albumin
20 days
Two labs that check nutritional status
Albumin and pre-albumin
Albumin is an indicator of?
Early malnutrition
Normal albumin
3.5 - 5
Anything below what is malnutrition for albumin?
Anything less than 3.5
Moderate depletion albumin level
3.2 - 3.5
Pre albumin measures ?
Nutrition needs in 2-3 days
Severe depletion - albumin level
Less than 2.8
Quicker way to assess, on short term, someone’s nutrition
Pre albumin
Half life of pre-albumin
2-3 days
Normal pre-albumin
More than 17
Moderate depletion- albumin
Less than 12
Severe depletion- albumin
Less than 7
