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History - Tudors > 4) Henry VII: Economy, Society + Religion > Flashcards

4) Henry VII: Economy, Society + Religion Flashcards

1
Q

FARMING
what did farmers do?

A

. worked on the land growing crops and keeping animals
. others specialised in a particular crop/animal depending on where they lived

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2
Q

FARMING
What is the difference between wool and cloth?

A

. wool is the raw product and cloth is the finished product

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3
Q

FARMING
what is enclosure and why was it issue?

A

. when landowners fenced off their land so peasants and farmers couldn’t work on it
. instead landowners became commercial farmers who kept sheep as this gave them more money
. this caused tensions

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4
Q

FARMING
what is subsistence farming?

A

. only growing enough food to feed your family, not to sell it

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5
Q

FARMING
how did Henry attempt to deal with enclosure?

A

. he passed an Anti-Enclosure Law but this had little effect

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6
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
who are merchants?
who were Merchants of the Staple?

A

. merchants were people who sold materials
. Merchants of the Staple were merchants in Calais

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7
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
how did Henry limit the exportation of English wool?
what did this cause?

A

. Henry passed an act which made it illegal for foreigners to buy raw wool for manufacturing into cloth
. by the end of his reign raw wool export dropped to 30%

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8
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
why did Henry limit the export of raw English wool?

A

. because he could generate a larger profit exporting finished cloth rather than wool
. England now began manufacturing raw wool into cloth

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9
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
who were Merchant Adventurers?

A

. wealthiest + most influential company in London
. dominated London’s cloth trade with Europe
. close to the king so could voice concerns + help him negotiate trade treaties

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10
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what was the Hanseatic League?

A

. a group of cities which came together to form a commercial union
. the intention was to control trade in the Baltic Sea
. dominated commercial activity in northern Europe

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11
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
why did Henry begin to support the dominance of the Hanseatic League?

A

. this would discourage them from supporting Yorkist claimants
. he saw it as an important economic area for England

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12
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what were other industries in England which began small?

A

. coal
. lead
. iron
. tin

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13
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what percent of English exports was cloth trade responsible for?

A

. 90%

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14
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Navigation Acts?
Was this + or - ?

A

. laws passed so that certain goods had to be transported by English ships
. - as they were limited in effectiveness

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15
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what was the Trade Deal with Florence?
was this + or - ?

A

. deal to import English cloth
. + as it gave England a trade route into the Mediterranean (could be a gateway to the east)

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16
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Treaty of Etaples?
Was this + or - ?

A

. political agreement with France, improved commercial links
. +

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17
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Trade Embargo?
WAs this + or - ?

A

. Netherlands - England would not trade good because of B support of Yorkists
. - as it removed a trading option

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18
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was Intercursus Magnus?
Was this + or - ?

A

. re-established trade with the Netherlands
. + as English merchants could trade on any B lands other than Flanders

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19
Q

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was Intercursus Malus?
Was this + or - ?

A

. forced even better terms with Phillip of B
. +

20
Q

HENRY AND OVERSEAS TRADE
Henry’s trade policy has no obvious pattern to it, how is it described?

A

. opportunist who exploited opportunities

21
Q

HENRY AND OVERSEAS TRADE
Why did Henry encourage merchants

A
22
Q

EXPLORATION
What did John Cabot discover after receiving support to explore from Henry?

A

. located Newfoundland near Canada + reported back the existence of new fishing grounds

23
Q

SOCIETY
Who were nobles?

A

. dominated land ownership
. about 50-60
. keep law and order
. their power was obtained through retaining armies for themselves
. controlled through bonds and recognisances

24
Q

SOCIETY
Who were the Gentry?

A

. able to increase their power + wealth
. often had military obligations
. had considerable income and property

25
Q

SOCIETY
Who were Church Members?

A

. members of the church
. some of low status
. some entitled to sit in the House of Lords

26
Q

SOCIETY
Who were the Commoners?

A

. sub divided into educated urban people, shopkeepers, tradesmen, people who had no land and people who worked for others

27
Q

SOCIETY
What is the commoners hierarchy?

A

Yeomen - farmers in the country
Citizens - live in urban cities

Labourers/Peasants - work for citizens or yeomen or shopkeepers

Vagrants/Beggers

28
Q

SOCIETY
What is the Church Hierarchy?

A

Archbishops - very powerful + part of the government

Bishops - important + some had government office

Priests - look after local parish

29
Q

SOCIETY
What is The Great Chain of Being?

A

. the natural order as set out by god

30
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
What was the main cause of Yorkshire Rebellion?

A

. resentment over taxation demanded by parliament for Brittany
. rebels murdered Earl of Northumberland making Henry worried about the amount of resentment towards his regime

31
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
How much did Parliament vote Henry for the war in Brittany?

A

. £100,000
. which was raised via taxation

32
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
Why was the tax least welcome in Yorkshire?

A

. resentment towards Lancastrian monarch as he overthrew Yorkist Richard 3
. Yorkshire had been hit by a bad harvest
. saw the tax as too far as they are in the north

33
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
What happened to the Earl of Northumberland?

A

. he returned to the North with no agreement with the king
. he was murdered

34
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
How did the Yorkshire Rebellion end?

A

. earl of Surrey easily put down rebellion
. Henry travelled north + issued many pardons
. made the Earl of Surrey lieutenant of the region

35
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
What was the main cause of the Cornish Rebellion?

A

. Henrys demand for taxes to finance a military campaign against the Scots
. did not want to pay for a conflict that had no benefit for them

36
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
What were 3 factors of the Cornish Rebellion making it a danger to Henry?

A

. 15,000 involved
. attempt to exploit weaknesses made by Warwick
. rebels marched on London (stoped on outskirts)

37
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
How did Henry solve the Cornish Rebellion?

A

. rebel leaders executed
. Lord Daubeney able to disperse the remaining followers

38
Q

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
Who lead the Cornish rebellion?

A

. Joseph a blacksmith
. Flamank a lawyer

39
Q

THE CHURCH
How did people view the church?

A

. devoted to the church
. believed that if they don’t follow the teachings of the Catholic Church they would go to hell
. follow 7 essential sacraments
. submit to authority of church
. attend church regularly

40
Q

THE CHURCH
Why was the church accused of being corrupt and abusing its power?

A

. Pluralism - holding more than 1 position within the church
. Absenteeism - not being present in your church position but still claiming the stipend payment

41
Q

THE CHURCH
What is Anti-Clericalsism?

A

. people critical of the Catholic Churches practices and teachings
. many believed the church was corrupt + abuses power
e.g. pluralism + absenteeism

42
Q

THE CHURCH
Why had many kings tried to weaken the powers of the Church Court system?

A

. because there could be a challenge/overlap with the KIng’s authority

43
Q

HUMANISM
What is Humanism?

A

. emphasises the power potential of humankind
. believe it is possible to improve it is possible to improve human knowledge + behaviour through education
. many came from Italy to England to study and work
. also known as Renaissance thinkers

44
Q

HUMANISM
How did Henry show his support for Humanism?

A

. Henry + Liz were buried in a chapel in Westminster designed to show off their greatness sin a Renaissance styled tomb
. Polydore Vergil invited to write the history of England
. John Skelton employed to write a positive book on Henrys rule

45
Q

HUMANISM
Who was Erasmus?

A

. a Dutch Humanist
. published ‘In praise of Folly’ which targeted corrupt monarchs
. published ‘The Handbook of Christian Knight’ showing what he saw as the the guidelines for a good Christian life

46
Q

INVENTION
What was significant about the Printing Press?

A

. books began to be printed in english
. opened up accessibility to books
. majority of England can’t read

History - Tudors (7 decks)

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