4) Henry VII: Economy, Society + Religion Flashcards
FARMING
what did farmers do?
. worked on the land growing crops and keeping animals
. others specialised in a particular crop/animal depending on where they lived
FARMING
What is the difference between wool and cloth?
. wool is the raw product and cloth is the finished product
FARMING
what is enclosure and why was it issue?
. when landowners fenced off their land so peasants and farmers couldn’t work on it
. instead landowners became commercial farmers who kept sheep as this gave them more money
. this caused tensions
FARMING
what is subsistence farming?
. only growing enough food to feed your family, not to sell it
FARMING
how did Henry attempt to deal with enclosure?
. he passed an Anti-Enclosure Law but this had little effect
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
who are merchants?
who were Merchants of the Staple?
. merchants were people who sold materials
. Merchants of the Staple were merchants in Calais
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
how did Henry limit the exportation of English wool?
what did this cause?
. Henry passed an act which made it illegal for foreigners to buy raw wool for manufacturing into cloth
. by the end of his reign raw wool export dropped to 30%
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
why did Henry limit the export of raw English wool?
. because he could generate a larger profit exporting finished cloth rather than wool
. England now began manufacturing raw wool into cloth
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
who were Merchant Adventurers?
. wealthiest + most influential company in London
. dominated London’s cloth trade with Europe
. close to the king so could voice concerns + help him negotiate trade treaties
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what was the Hanseatic League?
. a group of cities which came together to form a commercial union
. the intention was to control trade in the Baltic Sea
. dominated commercial activity in northern Europe
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
why did Henry begin to support the dominance of the Hanseatic League?
. this would discourage them from supporting Yorkist claimants
. he saw it as an important economic area for England
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what were other industries in England which began small?
. coal
. lead
. iron
. tin
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what percent of English exports was cloth trade responsible for?
. 90%
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Navigation Acts?
Was this + or - ?
. laws passed so that certain goods had to be transported by English ships
. - as they were limited in effectiveness
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what was the Trade Deal with Florence?
was this + or - ?
. deal to import English cloth
. + as it gave England a trade route into the Mediterranean (could be a gateway to the east)
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Treaty of Etaples?
Was this + or - ?
. political agreement with France, improved commercial links
. +
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Trade Embargo?
WAs this + or - ?
. Netherlands - England would not trade good because of B support of Yorkists
. - as it removed a trading option
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was Intercursus Magnus?
Was this + or - ?
. re-established trade with the Netherlands
. + as English merchants could trade on any B lands other than Flanders
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was Intercursus Malus?
Was this + or - ?
. forced even better terms with Phillip of B
. +
HENRY AND OVERSEAS TRADE
Henry’s trade policy has no obvious pattern to it, how is it described?
. opportunist who exploited opportunities
EXPLORATION
What did John Cabot discover after receiving support to explore from Henry?
. located Newfoundland near Canada + reported back the existence of new fishing grounds
SOCIETY
Who were nobles?
. dominated land ownership
. about 50-60
. keep law and order
. their power was obtained through retaining armies for themselves
. controlled through bonds and recognisances
SOCIETY
Who were the Gentry?
. able to increase their power + wealth
. often had military obligations
. had considerable income and property
SOCIETY
Who were Church Members?
. members of the church
. some of low status
. some entitled to sit in the House of Lords
SOCIETY
Who were the Commoners?
. sub divided into educated urban people, shopkeepers, tradesmen, people who had no land and people who worked for others
SOCIETY
What is the commoners hierarchy?
Yeomen - farmers in the country
Citizens - live in urban cities
Labourers/Peasants - work for citizens or yeomen or shopkeepers
Vagrants/Beggers
SOCIETY
What is the Church Hierarchy?
Archbishops - very powerful + part of the government
Bishops - important + some had government office
Priests - look after local parish
SOCIETY
What is The Great Chain of Being?
. the natural order as set out by god
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
What was the main cause of Yorkshire Rebellion?
. resentment over taxation demanded by parliament for Brittany
. rebels murdered Earl of Northumberland making Henry worried about the amount of resentment towards his regime
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
How much did Parliament vote Henry for the war in Brittany?
. £100,000
. which was raised via taxation
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
Why was the tax least welcome in Yorkshire?
. resentment towards Lancastrian monarch as he overthrew Yorkist Richard 3
. Yorkshire had been hit by a bad harvest
. saw the tax as too far as they are in the north
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
What happened to the Earl of Northumberland?
. he returned to the North with no agreement with the king
. he was murdered
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
How did the Yorkshire Rebellion end?
. earl of Surrey easily put down rebellion
. Henry travelled north + issued many pardons
. made the Earl of Surrey lieutenant of the region
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
What was the main cause of the Cornish Rebellion?
. Henrys demand for taxes to finance a military campaign against the Scots
. did not want to pay for a conflict that had no benefit for them
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
What were 3 factors of the Cornish Rebellion making it a danger to Henry?
. 15,000 involved
. attempt to exploit weaknesses made by Warwick
. rebels marched on London (stoped on outskirts)
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
How did Henry solve the Cornish Rebellion?
. rebel leaders executed
. Lord Daubeney able to disperse the remaining followers
SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS
Who lead the Cornish rebellion?
. Joseph a blacksmith
. Flamank a lawyer
THE CHURCH
How did people view the church?
. devoted to the church
. believed that if they don’t follow the teachings of the Catholic Church they would go to hell
. follow 7 essential sacraments
. submit to authority of church
. attend church regularly
THE CHURCH
Why was the church accused of being corrupt and abusing its power?
. Pluralism - holding more than 1 position within the church
. Absenteeism - not being present in your church position but still claiming the stipend payment
THE CHURCH
What is Anti-Clericalsism?
. people critical of the Catholic Churches practices and teachings
. many believed the church was corrupt + abuses power
e.g. pluralism + absenteeism
THE CHURCH
Why had many kings tried to weaken the powers of the Church Court system?
. because there could be a challenge/overlap with the KIng’s authority
HUMANISM
What is Humanism?
. emphasises the power potential of humankind
. believe it is possible to improve it is possible to improve human knowledge + behaviour through education
. many came from Italy to England to study and work
. also known as Renaissance thinkers
HUMANISM
How did Henry show his support for Humanism?
. Henry + Liz were buried in a chapel in Westminster designed to show off their greatness sin a Renaissance styled tomb
. Polydore Vergil invited to write the history of England
. John Skelton employed to write a positive book on Henrys rule
HUMANISM
Who was Erasmus?
. a Dutch Humanist
. published ‘In praise of Folly’ which targeted corrupt monarchs
. published ‘The Handbook of Christian Knight’ showing what he saw as the the guidelines for a good Christian life
INVENTION
What was significant about the Printing Press?
. books began to be printed in english
. opened up accessibility to books
. majority of England can’t read
