3) Henry VII: Foreign Policy Flashcards
What were Henry’s 3 aims for foreign policy?
- increase national security
- recognition of the Tudor Dynasty
- defence of English trading interests
What caused the Brittany Crisis?
. death of Duke Francis II of Brittany
. France invade in 1487 to try gain control
BRITTANY CRISIS
What was the Treaty of Redon?
. Duchess Anne agreed to pay h to raise a small army to defend Brittany
. Maximilian HRE proxy marriage with Anne
BRITTANY CRISIS
What was the Treaty of Dordrecht?
. friendship treat between Henry + Maximilian
. H sent 3000 troops to help M
. M didn’t keep his side of the bargain + signed a new treatywith Charles VIII of France
BRITTANY CRISIS
What was the Treaty of Etaples?
. Charles VIII of France offered peace
. C promised to give no further aid to English rebels
. paid most of H costs for intervening Brittany (745,000 gold)
. paid H £5000 a year
BRITTANY CRISIS
What situation did Henry find himself in at Brittany?
. the French proved too powerful for the Breton and English forces
. Duchess Anne was forced to surrender and marry King Charles VIII of France
. this left the English army stranded in Brittany and Henry diplomatically isolated
. Henry needed to find a way to get his army back
. Perkin Warbeck was suing the situation to seek help from Charles VIII
What was the Treaty of Medina Del Campo?
. gave international peace + security to H
. Spain agree not to help English pretenders
. marriage of Arthur + Catherine agreed
. encouraged the export of goods from Spain to England (income customs revenue on Spanish goods rose from £33,000 to £40,000
What actions of Henry in foreign policy were AGRESSIVE?
. 1493 - temporary trade embargo on cloth trade with Netherlands/Burgundy due to presence of Warbeck
. 1506 - Malus Intercursus signed with Netherlands/Burgundy (holding Philip of Burgundy as ‘prisoner’ after being shipwrecked)
What actions of Henry in foreign policy were DEFENSIVE?
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When was the Treaty of Redon and the Treaty of Dordrecht signed?
February 1489
When was the Treaty of Medina del Campo signed?
March 1489
Why was there issues …..
something about dowry
When was the Treaty of Etaples signed?
3rd November 1492
When was the Holy League formed?
Why was it formed?
Who was in it?
. 1495
. Other countries feared France was becoming too powerful, so wanted to drive Charles out of Italy
. The Pope, Ferdinand, Maxamilian, Venice and Milan
When did England join The Holy League?
On what condition?
. October 1496
. that England won’t have to go to war with Fance
When was Magnus Intercursus signed?
. 1496
What were Perkin Warbeck’s activities between 1941-1963?
. 1491 - In Ireland pretending to be Richard of York (younger prince in the tower)
supported by the Earl of Kildare and Margaret of Burgundy
. 1492 - went to France after being invited by King Charles VIII, but forced to move after Treaty of Etaples
. 1493 - went to Burgundy to stay with Margaret and her son in law Maximilian
. 1495 - went to England but failed to gain enough support so moved on to Scotland
. 1497 - attempted invasion of England with the Scots failed so Warbeck fled to Ireland
. August 1497 - gave himself up and made a full confession
. 1499 - plotted to escape with the Earl of Warwick, both were executed
When did Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon marry?
How much was Catherines dowry?
. 14th November 1501
. 100,000 crowns
When and why did Henry place a trade embargo against the Netherlands?
. 1493 dud to Margaret of Burgandy’s harbouring of Perkin Warbeck and ordered English merchants to move to Calais
When and why was the trade embargo lifted?
. lifted in 1496 as it befitted no one
. it was lifted under Magnus Intercursus
What is the Treaty of Windsor?
. 1506 Phillip of Burgundy was shipwrecked on the English coast
. Malus Intercursus established
. Earl of Suffolk to be returned to England
. Henry would strengthen alliance by marrying Philips sister Margaret (didn’t happen)
. Henry agreed to recognise Phillip and Juana as King and Queen of Castile
What was Malus Intercursus?
. established free trade between the states, although Philips subjects had to pay English custom duties
Why was the English-Burgundian alliance shattered?
What happened after?
. Philips death in September
. Juana was held captive by her father who claimed Phillips death had driven her mad
. Ferdinand regained control of Spain, meaning Henry had allied the ‘losing side’
When was the league of Cambrai formed?
Who was in the alliance?
. 10th December 1508
. Pope Julius II, Maximilian, Louis XII of France and Ferdinand of Aragon (Henry was excluded)
What was Scotlands alliance with France called?
. the Auld Alliance
Why was 1495-96 an issue between Henry and the Scots?
. James IV offered help to Warbeck
. he stayed for 2 years receiving pension and a marriage offer with James’ cousin
. James encouraged Warbeck to cross the border into England with the Scottish army
. this wasn’t successful
Why would Warbeck marrying James’ cousin be a huge threat to Henry?
. this would make Warbeck a royal
How did Henry get Warbeck to leave Scotland?
. Truce of Ayton with the Scots
What formal peace treaty did Henry and James agree to between 1501-1503?
. marriage alliance between James IV and Henry’s daughter Margaret
