1) Henry VII: Consolidation Of Power + Control Of The Nobility

Question 1

What is a weak monarch susceptible to?

Answer 1

Over mighty subjects

Question 2

What were Henry VII 3 objectives?

Answer 2

. Establish + secure his right to the throne
. Strengthen royal gov by better control of nobility
. Strengthen monarchy + kingdom by ensuring a strong financial foundation

Question 3

Why did Henry VII predate the start of his reign to 21st august 1485?

Answer 3

. So he could declaim Richard’s supporters as traitors
. Act of attainder meant their lan + property was confiscated

Question 4

Why does Henry VII have his coronation before summoning parliament?

Answer 4

To make it look like he had gods approval before parliaments approval, making him appear to b the correct chosen king

Question 5

When does Henry VII have his coronation?

Answer 5

30th October 1485

Question 6

When does Henry VII summon parliament?

Answer 6

1st November 1485

Question 7

Why does Henry VII have his coronation before marrying Elizabeth of York?

Answer 7

So he is recognised as the legitimate king rather than only becoming king because he married her as she has royal blood

Question 8

How did Henry VII reward his supporters?

Answer 8

. John de Vere - earl of oxford + granted lands in east anglia
. Lord Stanley - earl of derby + control of Lancashire + Cheshire
. (Uncle) Jasper Tudor - Duke of Bedford, chief justice of wales + lord lieutenant of Ireland
. Sir William Stanley - lord chamberlain
. John Morton - lord chancellor + Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 9

How did Henry VII treat his enemies?

Answer 9

. Edward earl of Warwick - sent to live in TOL (stronger claim than H)
. John de la pole earl of Lincoln - showed loyalty + was forgave, became member of kings council (stronger claim than H)
. Earl of Surrey + earl do Northumberland - sent to prison

Question 10

LORELL + STAFFORD UPRISING
What happened?

Answer 10

. Trouble broke out in an unruly area whilst the king was on royal progress
. Lovells plan was to ambush + capture king Henry VII
. Stafford’s plan was to stir up rebellion

Question 11

LORELL + STAFFORD UPRISING
How successful was Henry’s response?

Answer 11

. Successful
. Rebels dispersed - calculated mercy; rebels either disperse + seek pardon or fight + get defeated
. Stafford was sent to the TOL
. Henry carries on with progress showing he doesn’t fear the rebels
. Army doesn’t have to fight

Question 12

PRETENDER LAMBERT SIMNEL (1486-87)
how did the lambert simnel affair begin?

Answer 12

. Preist Richard Symonds took advantage of confusion of what happened to earl of Warwick
. He took a 10 year old apprentice to Ireland where many Irish nobles were willing to proclaim Simnel as king
. Margret of Burgendy supported Simnel + sent money + 3000 mercenary soldiers

Question 13

PRETENDER LAMBERT SIMNEL (1486-87)
what happened during the plot?

Answer 13

. Irish Nobel’s claim Simnel as new king Edward VI in Dublin may 1487
. Henry VII brought the real earl of Warwick out of the tower to expose Simnel
. Earl of Lincoln (Yorkist claimant) Margaret of burgundy + lord Lovell travel to Ireland to join Simnel
. Henry knows an attempt to overthrow him is being planned

Question 14

PRETENDER LAMBERT SIMNEL (1486-87)
What happened at the battle of stoke 1487?

Answer 14

. Simnel + supporters land in Lancashire + march to stoke
. Henry sent an arm to defeat the yorkists
. Lincoln + Lovell killed
. Simnel + Symons captured
. Considered to be the last of the wars of the roses (an for Henry)

Question 15

LAMBERT SIMNEL (1486-87)
What happened after the Simnel affair?

Answer 15

. Many rebel killed
. Symons sent to life imprisonment
. Simnel given a job in the royal kitchens
. 28 nobles were attained (declared guilty + had land taken off them)

Question 16

LAMBERT SIMNEL (1486-87)
What is the significance of the rebellion?

Answer 16

. Henry still had control of the real earl of Warwick
. Elizabeth was crowned queen in 1487, unitising the nation
. Ireland remained. Platform where invasion could be launched
. An imposter had been able to gather 8000 troops, could happen again
. Still Yorkist threats

Question 17

What was the ‘problem’ of the nobility in Henry’s reign?

Answer 17

. Gov came close to collapse
. Actual authority of gov + the nobility was questionable
. Bastard feudalism
. Nobles had lots of wealth + territorial power
. Uneven control of the crown; stronger in more populated south, but looser in the boarder lands
. Poor finances of the crown (caused by wars at home + abroad)
. Winning the support of the nobles

Question 18

What were 2 ways Henry could win the support of the nobles?

Answer 18

. Buy their support by rewarding them with land + titles
. Force them to support him by showing the unwelcome consequences of opposition

Question 19

What was the positive use of the nobility?

Answer 19

. Nobles helped Henry maintain law
. Fortunate he faced very few ‘overmighty’ subjects
. Some powerful noble families could be easily controlled (Stafford family Edward inherit tile at 7)

Question 20

REWARDS FOR LOYALTY
What is patronage?

Answer 20

. A method where Henry could gain loyalty - it involved giving money or titles to create a bond of loyalty
. Titles + important jobs were given to members of he gentry to reward their service to him
. They were dependant on Henry for their position of power (As these weren’t nobles)
. Henry became the biggest land owner in the country

Question 21

REWARDS FOR LOYALTY:
What was order of the garter?

Answer 21

. Significant honour reserved for the kings closest servants
. Henry created 37 knights of the garter
. It was the ultimate mark of respect from the king

Question 22

REWARDS FOR LOYALTY:
What was the kings/ great council?

Answer 22

. Membership on the kings council was a sign of trust from the king
. Summons to council was a great honour
. Cleaver way to ensure support for Henry’s policies, once agreed it was very hard to criticise it
. The great council were called when Henry needed urgent advice
. Had 50-70 members

Question 23

What were Acts of Attainer?

Answer 23

. An attained family would loose its right to inherit its land - loss of land caused disaster for a noble family
. However the attainer could be reserved if good behaviour was proven
. First established in 1321
. 138 acts of attainer were passed in Henry’s reign (e.g. Thomas Tyrell had to pay £1,738 to reverse his + his fathers lands)

Question 24

What was the policy where Henry was prepared to forgive past mistakes if loyalty was demonstrated?

Answer 24

Cat + mouse policy

Question 25

CASE STUDY THOMAS HOWARD EARL OF SURREY
Why did Henry forgive Thomas Howard?

Answer 25

. Thomas was imprisoned in TOL because of fathers fighting for Richard III
. Acts of attainer passes to remove land + possessions
. Thomas resisted in a plot for him to escape TOL
. Henry rewarded this loyalty by releasing him + put him in charge of maintaining law + order in the north
. Reversed acts of attainer (not all land given back)

Question 26

What was the positives of bonds + recognisances?

Answer 26

. Could remove disloyal nobles power completely
. Effective at bringing back loyalty
. Effective in discouraging disloyal nobles due to large sums

Question 27

What were the negatives of bonds + recognisances?

Answer 27

. Henry sometimes asked for recognisances for personal reasons (demanded £10,000 from viscount Beaumont + earl of Westmorland as guarantees for future loyalty)
. Those who fell behind on payments were harassed by the kings officials (partic from council of learned law)

Question 28

EXPLOITING FEUDAL DUTIES:
How did Henry exploit warship?

Answer 28

Warship was when the land of underage nobles was placed under royal authority until they were 21, this gave Henry the opportunity to exploit his power over the land in order to maximise income from it

Question 29

EXPLOITING FEUDAL DUTIES:
How did Henry exploit mariage?

Answer 29

He had control over nobles marriages, giving him the ability to stop nobles from becoming too powerful through advantageous matches
(E.g. katherine woodville married sir Richard wingfield + were fined £2000 for not asking Henry’s permission)

Question 30

EXPLOITING FEUDAL DUTIES:
How did Henry exploit livery?

Answer 30

This is the number of servants a noble could employ, but an act in 1487 placed restrictions on the numbers employed
(E.g. a duke could have 120, an earl 80 etc)

Question 31

RETAINING:
Why could retaining be a significant threat to Henry?

Answer 31

. Large groups of loyal followers could be used to threaten the kings status

Question 32

RETAINING:
What did Henry introduce in 1504 whereby nobles had to apply directly to the king?

Answer 32

A licence system, failure to obtain a licence could result in financial ruin for a noble family ensuring further control by Henry over the nobility

Question 33

CROWN LANDS:
Why were the crown lands important?
How did Henry VII increase the crown lands?

Answer 33

Land equalled power so Henry tried to ensure as much land was returned to the crown as possibleIt’s estimated Henry increased crow land by 5x in his reign . Lands formally held by Yorkists (e.g. earl of Warwick + dukes of Clarence + Gloucester were all taken back to the crown
. 1486 act of resumption recovered all crown land taken away since 1455

Question 34

RETAINING:
How did Henry prevent over mighty subjects?

Answer 34

. Henry was fearful of the rising power of Stanley family so bishop Stanley was fined £245,000 for illegal retaining in 1506
. 1506, lord bergavenny was fined £5 per month per retainer amounting to £70,550 (acted as a warning)

Question 35

Who were Henry VII 5 advisors?

Answer 35

Sir Edward poyninings Sir Henry WyattSir Thomas LovellEdmund Dudley Sir Henry Marney