4. Health and Disease

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

Health is your general physical and mental being. If you are healthy then you are in good physical health and good mental state.

Question 2

What 2 types of disease are there?

Answer 2

Communicable and non-communicable

Question 3

Where do all communicable disease come from?

Answer 3

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

Question 4

How do communicable disease form?

Answer 4

Inherited and genetic disorders

Question 5

What is a genetic disorder?

Answer 5

A disorder in your genes that comes from your parents.

Question 6

What is a inherited disorder?

Answer 6

A disease that form in your body from birth

Question 7

What is it called when bacteria slip in 2

Answer 7

Binary fussion

Question 8

What examples of defences do you have in respiratory system?

Answer 8

• hairs and nucas trap particles in the air that might have pathogens or may irritate your lungs.
• ciliated epithelial cells in your trachea

Question 9

What examples of defences do we have in our digestive system?

Answer 9

The stomach produces acid and it destroys the microorganisms in the mucus you swallow, as well as the majority of the pathogens you take in through your mouth in your food and drink.

Question 10

Explain skin as a defence

Answer 10

• skin acts a barrier around your body for your tissue. It prevents bacteria and viruses reaching your inside. If this barrier is broken then platelets in your blood form a scab.
• your skin produces antimicrobial secretions.
• healthy skin also has a layer of microorganism which means another barrier from the entry or pathogens.

Question 11

Is measles C or NC?

Answer 11

Communicable

Question 12

Is athletes foot C or NC?

Answer 12

Communicable

Question 13

Is cancer C or NC?

Answer 13

Non Communicable

Question 14

Is depression C or NC?

Answer 14

Non communicable

Question 15

Is smallpox C or NC?

Answer 15

Communicable

Question 16

Is influenza C or NC?

Answer 16

Communicable

Question 17

Is asthma C or NC

Answer 17

Non Communicable

Question 18

What is an antiseptic?

Answer 18

Something that kill microorganisms in the environment.

Question 19

What is an antibiotic?

Answer 19

Kills bacteria (not viruses) in your body

Question 20

What is an antibody?

Answer 20

Made by white blood cells in your body to destroy pathogens. (Both bacteria and viruses)

Question 21

Why don’t antibiotics kill viruses?

Answer 21

Because viruses reproduce in your cells and therefor it is difficult to produce an antibiotic that kills the virus and doesn’t harm the the cell.

Question 22

What does inflammatory drug do?

Answer 22

Reduce swelling

Question 23

What do painkiller do?

Answer 23

Reduce pain but do not kill the pathogen

Question 24

Explains what happens in the pre-clinical stage of testing a drug.

Answer 24

In the pre clinical stage there are not tests done on humans. First they test the drug on cells, and then on small organisms like mice and flies to test for toxicity and efficacy

Question 25

Explain what happens in the clinical stage of testing a drug.

Answer 25

First they try the drug on a group of healthy people. This is to see if the drug is harmful and to test the toxicity. Then they move onto a small group of unhealthy people who need to see the efficacy of the drug. If this step is successful then they move unto a large group of unhealthy people. They need to find out dosage and clearance from the body in the clinical stage.

Question 26

How can they make the drug testing clinical stage more insightful and accurate?

Answer 26

They do a placebo trial where one half of the group of unhealthy people get the actual drug being tested, and the other half get a placebo drug e.g. a sugar pill. By doing this they can more accurately see the efficacy of the drug as the human mind is able to accelerate the healing process even without the actual drug, but by just thinking they are getting the drug.

Question 27

What is a double blind trial.

Answer 27

This is an extension of the placebo trial where the only people who know who got the actual drug and the sugar pill are the people who sent the drugs to the doctor do distribute to half the group. This means the doctor doesn't know and therefor can show any pity or bias towards certain members of the group as they don't know which of the pills are the drug or the sugar pill.

Question 28

Where does the drug digitalis come from?

Answer 28

Foxgloves

Question 29

Since when has the drug digitalis been used?

Answer 29

Since 18th century

Question 30

What is it used for?

Answer 30

It is used to strengthen the heartbeat.

Question 31

Where does aspirin come from?

Answer 31

Comes from the compound found in the bark of willow trees.