2. Digestion Flashcards
What makes up an organism?
Cells - tissue - organs - organ system - organism
What is bile?
- Bile is made in the liver
- stored in the gal bladder
- it is an alkaline which neutralises the hydrochloric acid in out stomach
- emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases surface area
Where are villi found and what do they do?
Villi are found in the small intestine. They increase surface area which increases the rate of diffusion and active transport.
What are the 3 types of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, protein and fats
What is protein made of?
Chains of amino acids (21 different types)
What is the function of protein?
The function of protein is to build up cells and tissue and is the basis of most enzymes
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbohydrates can either be small units of sugar (glucose)
Or they can be long chains of sugars bonded togther
What are enzymes?
- biological catalysis
- special proteins involved in metabolism
- help speed up reactions
What is the purpose of digestive enzymes?
To break down the food into smaller soluble molecules to be diffused into the blood stream.
What is the lock and key model?
Each enzyme has a specific substrate to break down. This is called the lock and key model. The active site of the enzyme is specific to the shape of the enzyme.
What enzyme breaks down protein?
Amylase
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
Salivary amylase
What enzyme breaks down fats?
Bile
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates act as the bodies fuel and allow the reaction in our body to happen.
What are fats made of?
Fats are made from a large unit of glycerol with 3 fatty acid ‘tails’.
What effect does temperature have on an enzyme reaction.
If the temperature goes up then the amount of kinetic energy also increases. As a result enzymes and substrates collide more frequently.
What happens as the temperature of the enzyme reaction increases.
The rate of reaction will increase until it passes the optimum where the enzyme denatures
What is the effect of the pH level around an enzyme reaction?
Every enzyme has an optimum pH level which they work best in. If the pH is wrong for the enzyme then it changes the shape of the enzyme.
