4. DUAL MODELS OF JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING AND ALTERNATIVES II - GROUP DECISION MAKING & PERFORMANCE

Question 1

Benefits of being a part of a group: complex problems, better problem solvers than individuals:

Answer 1

1. New and high risks problems, in which there is no clear action
2. Demands on a diverse set of skills and competencies
3. Confrontation between various diverging viewpoints
4. Interaction, proposal, ideas, solutions
5. Higher acceptance for decisions  more motivated (your voice is heard/ can see it other way around)

Question 2

Cost of being a part of a group:

Answer 2

1. Take more time in making decision
2. Individual responsibility may be diluted
3. Higher risks are taken than if the decision were made individually
4. Often there are compromises
5. Potential for conflicts, negative interactions

Question 3

Social Judgment Scheme (SJS) model (Davis, 1996):

Answer 3

• Member preferences weights are an exponential function of the distances between a given member’s preference and all other members’ preferences
  o Members whose preferences are discrepant from one another receive smaller weights in the group decisions
  o Members whose preferences are similar to one another receive larger weights in the group decisions

Question 4

Group efficacy: Which factors facilitate group efficacy

Answer 4

• Leadership:
  o positively with team performances
  o Specific perspectives of leadership: transformational
• Group Composition:
  o Aggregated characteristics: cognitive ability
  o Member heterogeneity
  o Team size: depends on what to do (Fabric-Team)
• Task Design:
  o Task meaningfulness: collective performances
  o Autonomy: benefit from information and freedom
  o Intrateam coordination

Question 5

MIP-G Model (DE DREU, NIJSTAD, & VAN KNIPPENBERG, 2008):

Answer 5

• Integrates cognitive and motivational perspectives and proposes that group judgment and decision making is a function of motivated information processing
• Combines insight on human thinking with group-level interaction process and decision making

Question 6

MIP-G Model: - 2 Types of motivation

Answer 6

o Epistemic motivation: willingness to expend effort  rich, accurate understanding
o Social motivation: Individual preference for outcome distributions between oneself and other group members: 1. Proself, 2. Prosocial

Question 7

Epistemic and social motivation capture influence of two types of variables:

Answer 7

o Dispositional/ personality variables (agreeableness, openness to experience)
o Situational/ structure variables (time pressure, accountability, cultural values)

Question 8

Team mental models (TMM), (Cannon-Bowers, 1993):

Answer 8

Organized mental representations of the key elements within a team’s relevant environment that are shared across team members:

1. Equipment model (knowledge tools)
2. Task model (understanding work procedures)
3. Team interaction model (awareness of member responsibilities)
4. Team model (understanding of teammates)

Question 9

TMM content is often organized into two major categories:

Answer 9

1. Task focused

2. Team focused

Question 10

TMM properties

Answer 10

1. Similarity/Sharedness

2. Accuracy