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*OSII > 4. DSA: Sacrum > Flashcards

4. DSA: Sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the SI joint after puberty

  1. males
  2. females
A

males: SIJ ligaments are well developed and strong

Females: SIJ ligaments are less developed, allowing the mobility required during childbirth

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2
Q

Describe the sacrum in the second decade of life

A

Crescent-shaped ridge develops along the iliac surface that interdigitates with a depression on the sacral side, which adds stability and limits mobility

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3
Q

Describe the sacrum in the third decade of life

A

Crescent-shaped ridge becomes more pronounced decreasing ROM more
Males: degenerative changes may begin to occur on the iliac side

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4
Q

Describe the sacrum in the 4th and 5th decades of life

A

Males: degenerative changes begin on the sacral side

Fibrous ankylosis may further limit joint motion

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5
Q

The sacrum is described as either c shaped of L shape and are contoured with arms; the _______ is the junction of these arms anteriorly

A

apex

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6
Q

The SI joint is a _________ joint

A

diarthrodial joint; contains synovial fluid

***Different from any other joint in the body due to one side being hyaline cartilage and the other being fibrocartilage

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7
Q

This surface is….

  • generally smooth
  • hyaline cartilage
  • decreases in width inferiorly and is wedged between the two ilia
A

Sacral surface

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8
Q 
This surface is.... 
 -Anteriorly smooth
• Posteriorly fibrous, giving
 ligaments
• Fibrocartilage
A

Iliac surface

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9
Q

The ______ ________ _______ is composed of inferior fibers from the third and fourth sacral segments, ascend to the PSIS and posterior end of the internal lip of the iliac crest

A

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

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10
Q

The ______ SI ligament is thicker than the ________ SI ligament

A

posterior is thicker than the anterior

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11
Q

The ______ _______ _______ connects the the third sacral ligament to the side of the pre-auricular sulcus

A

anterior SI ligament

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12
Q

The ______ ________ _______ is the major bond between the bones, filling the irregular space posterosuperior to the joint.
Covered posteriorly by the posterior sacroiliac ligament.

A

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

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13
Q

This ligament connects the PSIS to the lateral aspect of the third and fourth sacral segments

A

Long dorsal SI ligament

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14
Q

What are the landmarks that the long dorsal SA ligament has a nose relationship with?

A

Erector spinae muscle
Posterior layer of the throacolumbar fascia
Sacrotuberous ligament

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15
Q

The long dorsal SI ligament becomes stretched when the sacrum is rotated in a _____ manner relative to the ilium

A

posterior

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16
Q

What are reasons that the long dorsal SI ligament would stretch?

A
  1. early stages of pregnancy
  2. aging and degenerative changes
  3. backward torsions or unilateral/bilateral extensions
17
Q

The ___________ ligament is from ischial spine to lateral margins of the sacrum where it blends with the sacrotuberous ligament
and
Forms part of the origin from which coccygeus muscle arises

A

sacrospinous ligament

18
Q

The _________ ligament
Runs from lower sacral tubercles to ischial tuberosity, has a Gluteus maximus attachment, Tendon of the biceps femoris attachment Connects with fascia of the pelvis

A

STL

sacrotuberous ligament

19
Q

What are the functions of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

A

stabilize to limit posterior - superior rotation of the sacral apex around a transverse axis

20
Q

________ hypertonicity can cause sciatica; causing inflammation of the sciatic nerve

A

Piriformis

21
Q

What are the posterior pelvic landmarks?

A

PSIS
AIIS
ILA

22
Q

The _____ ______ ______ is critical for resistance against shear

A

self-locking mechanism

23
Q

______ ______ involves the specific properties of the articular surfaces of the SIJ

A

Form closure

***requires the proper size, shape, and attitude of the articulating surfaces

24
Q

______ ______ is the compression produced by body weight, muscle action, and ligament force

A

force closure

25
Q

List the muscles that lay posteriorly to the SI and provide a belt like effect

A

Latisimus dorsi, the thoracolumbar fascia, gluteus maximus, and the ITB.

26
Q

List the muscles that lay ventrally to the SI and provide a belt like effect

A

abdominal obliques, the linea alba, and the transverse abdominals.
—- In both standing and sitting, the activity of the oblique abdominal muscles, especially the internal obliques, was found to be significant

27
Q

the _____ (______) ____ transverse axis about which the sacrum moves during the respiratory cycle and inherently due to PRM in OCMM. It passes from side to side through the articular processes posterior to the point of attachment of the dura at S2.

A

ST (Respiratory) axis

28
Q

The _____ (_______) _____ is the functional transverse axis of nutation & counternutation in the standing position, passing through the anterior aspect of S2.

A

MT (postural) axis

29
Q

The _____ (______) ____ functional transverse axis at the level of S3 through the inferior auricular surface, and represents the axis for movement of the ilia on the sacrum.

A

IT (Pelvic/Ilial) Axis

30
Q

Describe the sacral extension counternutation

What does the base of the sacrum do? What does the apex of the sacrum do?

A

Base moves posteriorly and the apex moves anteriorly

31
Q

Describe the sacral flexion nutation

What does the base of the sacrum do? What does the apex of the sacrum do?

A

Base: anteriorly
Apex: posteriorly

32
Q

All of the movements of the sacrum on the ilium are ______ movements.

A

gliding

**This includes flexion/extension, rotation, sidebending (lateral flexion) & gliding upward and downward.

33
Q

Downward force transmitted from the lumbar region glides the sacrum downward and causes ______.

A

nutation

34
Q

Traction applied from above the LS junction glides the sacrum upwards and causes ______.

A

counternutation

35
Q

Rotation applied through the lumbar spine causes the sacrum to rotate towards the ______ side and sidebends towards the ______ side.

A

Ipsilateral

contralateral

36
Q

_______ is when a transitional segment in which the first sacral segment becomes like an additional lumbar vertebra articulating with the second sacral segment.

A

Lumbarization

37
Q

_______ is the

  1. Incomplete separation and differentiation of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) such that it takes on characteristics of a sacral vertebra.
  2. When transverse processes of the fifth lumbar (L5) are atypically large, causing pseudoarthrosis with the sacrum and/or ilia(um), referred to as batwing deformity, if bilateral.
A

Sacralization

38
Q

Review the second to last slide fo this lecture for the common sacral abnormalities

A

K thanks bye

*OSII (39 decks)

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