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#French revolution > #4- Decline and fall of Napoleon, 1807-15 > Flashcards

#4- Decline and fall of Napoleon, 1807-15 Flashcards

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1
Q

what did the berlin and milan decrees do

A

they began the idea of the contintenal system

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2
Q

what is the continental system

A

britain was forbidden from trading with France and its satellite states

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3
Q

how did the continetal system effect France

A

decline in seaport industry eg rope making and ship building
french industries which needed export suffered
trade routes across the Rhine opened up

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4
Q

how did the continental system effect Britain

A

lack of French seapower reduced the effectiveness
napoleon increased effeorts to seize illegal goods while allowing grain and wine to be traded
argued britain had trade with America but also argued that it fell by 50%-1811
counter blockade caused anglo american war 1812

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5
Q

how did the continental system effect Europe

A

created tension with satelite states in his empire
portugal and the peninsular war
1808 Russia left leading to 1812 invasion

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6
Q

how did the continental system effect Napoloen’s downfall

A

failed on British defeat
peninsular war drained French resources
Russian campaign failure
eceonomic impact caused unpopularity at home.

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7
Q

how long was Britain at war with France

A

1803-1814

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8
Q

how did Britain help Europe

A

through subsidies

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9
Q

how much subsidies did Britain give out

A

£600 million total
450,000 austrian and Russian troops paid for by Britain in 1813
£10 million a year by 1814

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10
Q

How did Britain diplomatically oppose France

A

Pitt (UK PM) organised 3rd coalition
UK persuaded austria to join in 1809
1812- Britain keeps coalition together in final struggle

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11
Q

How did British naval power work against them

A

caused war with USA in 1812

attack on copenhagen almost lead to Denmark joining France

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12
Q

How did the British Navy benefit them

A

weakened France through naval blockade
important victories battle of t 1805
weakened fleet preventing British invasion

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13
Q

How did British forces on land weaken napoleon

A

peninsular war

iberian peninsular under sir arthur wellesley, 30,000 french forces taken up.

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14
Q

when was the battle of waterloo

A

18th of June

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15
Q

who lead the battle of waterloo

A

Duke of Wellington

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16
Q

how important was Britain to Napoleon’s downfall

A

60,000 British troops did not match France
If France wasn’t continuing wars then British diplomacy would not have worked
continental system caused war with Russia in 1812
British naval power prevented invasion

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17
Q

what caused war with spain

A

1808- napoleon replaces King with brother Joseph

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18
Q

what tactics did the Spanish use

A

guerilla warfare

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19
Q

when was spain liberated after numerous victories

A

1813

20
Q

what caused the Russian campaign

A

Napoleon married austrain princess- russia hated austria
Rivalry to try and seize the balkans
disagreement over grand duchy of Poland
1810= continental system

21
Q

how many were in Napoleons army against Russia

A

600,000- fewer then half were even French

22
Q

in which inital battle was Napoleon successful

A

1812- Borodino - tsar still refuses to negotiate

23
Q

why did Russia win the conflict

A 
Russia never fought formal battle 
scorched earth strategy 
Russian skirmishes constantly attacked
Russian army was larger
Napoleon lacked strategy - couldn't control every detail
Poor supply lines
stayed in Moscow before retreat
24
Q

what was the size of the army after leaving Russia

A

120,000 men

25
Q

how was the 6th coalition different

A 
common aim of liberating Germany
included all 4 major european powers
members reformed armies and their tactics
France was in decline
had unified military startegy
26
Q

what was the treaty of chaumont 1814

A

the allied powers agreed not to stop until Napoleon’s defeat

27
Q

when did Napoleon abdicate

A

march 1814

28
Q

what was the rules of the peace of Paris 1814

A

give up all territorial gains since 1872

Napoleon exiled to elba with a pension

29
Q

what did the French empire consist of ( with examples)

A

France and its natural frontiers- eg the alps
annexed territories- swiss confederation- 1803
satellite states- Kingdoms of italy- 1805

30
Q

why was the empire of value to Napoleon

A

annexed territories- ruled exactly the same as France eg rights and obligations
satllite states provided half of army between 1804-1814
satellite states had napoleon’s family on monarchy
satellite states had to provide members for the grand army

31
Q

why did the empire cause issues for Napoleon

A

conscription was hated and resisted. armed rebellion in Spain and Austria
not all his family obeyed- his brother refused continental system in holland

32
Q

how did napoleon provide law and order in France

A

the gendarmerie- soldiers stationed across rural areas showed government presence

33
Q

which countries had a large tax burden

A

Holland and Italy

34
Q

did napoleon abolish feudalism in his countries

A

no- Germany, Italy and Poland

35
Q

why did Napoleon believe he could return to power

A

louis XVIII was weak

he promised to agree to paris treaty and be more liberal - ‘le benjamine’

36
Q

when was the battle of waterloo

A

18th June 1815

37
Q

when did napoleon abdicate

A

20th June 1815

38
Q

which island did Napoleon get exiled to the second time

A

St Helena

39
Q

how did France get treated by Vienna settlement

A

surrounded by strong opposition so France could not invade again
spain got its bourbon ruler back
Russia took most of Poland

40
Q

what were the reasons for Napoleon fail

A 
War-weariness in France
Military reasons
Changes among his enemies 
Nationalism 
Personal Failings
41
Q

why did the French turn against the idea of war

A

900,000 die
financial loss
routes in maritime ports suffered due to British blockade

42
Q

why did napoleon’s military start to fail

A

mainly of men from empire
strategies were no longer a suprise
lack of cohesion and less inspired by nationalism

43
Q

how did Napoleon’s enemies change

A

Britain could support long war
British sea supremacy
1814- enemies become more united

44
Q

how did nationalism lead to downfall

A

Spain and Russia become more nationalist after invasion
spanish ulcer
scorched earth in Russia
germany started to resent France

45
Q

what were napoleon’s personal failings

A

ignore the warnings of certain invasions
talleyrand and Fouche defected to his enemies
devotion to family lead to weakness in the empire
lost bond with troops towards 1814
Napoleons health detoriated- he was overweight at battle of waterloo

#French revolution (4 decks)

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