#1-Causes of revolution / 1789 events

Question 1

who is in the first estate

Answer 1

the clergy, they made up 0.5% of population and had loads of control such as education

Question 2

who were the second estate

Answer 2

120,000 nobles (less then 1% of population)
people who worked with king
venal office workers
those with country estates

Question 3

who were third estate

Answer 3

28 million
bourgeoise- middle class people
peasants in the countryside- 80%
city workers

Question 4

what privledges did the first and second estate have

Answer 4

annual grant of about 16 million livres (no tax)

2nd- exempt from large land tax taille, avoided conscription

Question 5

what burdens did the third estate have

Answer 5

heavy tax burden
paid highest taille and gabelle
tithe to church
conscription

Question 6

How was Louis limited in terms of power

Answer 6

relied on advice from administratos for decisions
needed consent from nobles
deep rooted privledges

Question 7

what are the viewpoints of louis’ personality

Answer 7

lacked will but had good intention
devoted to subjects and reform
was not strong enough for the challenges

Question 8

what issues were there with government

Answer 8

saw ministers individually instead of group decisions
court factions
large variation of laws and customs across France hard to organise

Question 9

what was the cost of the war of austrain succession

Answer 9

1 billion livres

Question 10

what was the cost of the 7 years war

Answer 10

1.8 billion livres

Question 11

what war made the financial situation particularly bad

Answer 11

US war of independence

Question 12

what caused a huge financial burden on france

Answer 12

debt from war

Question 13

why was taxing inefficient

Answer 13

nobles were exempt
tax collection ineffecient due to regional differences
tax farming was inefficient

Question 14

when was turgot controller general

Answer 14

1774-76

Question 15

what attempts did turgot use to improvce economy

Answer 15

removed price controls
removed guilds
proposed new property taxes

Question 16

when was Necker controller general

Answer 16

1777-1781

Question 17

what did Necker propose

Answer 17

reducing royal expenditure
increase royal share of farmed taxes
cut venal offices

Question 18

what was Necker’s key mistakes

Answer 18

told Louis that France could afford the US war of independence - cost 1.3 billion livres

Question 19

when was Calonne controller general

Answer 19

1783-89

Question 20

how did Calonne deal with financial issues

Answer 20

keep spending lavishly to maintain confidence in company

wished to make changes to tax

Question 21

how bad was the situation in 1789

Answer 21

deficit of 126 million livres
debt taking 51% of spending
36% defence

Question 22

what was the enlightenment

Answer 22

bringing new liberal ideas into france

Question 23

who were three main enlightenment thinkers

Answer 23

Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau

Question 24

where we enlightenment ideas passed

Answer 24

in salons and newspapers

by soldiers after the US war of independence

Question 25

how many newspapers were there in 1785

Answer 25

80

Question 26

what are examples of social discontent:

Answer 26

court and church discontent priests didn't get much tithe nobles disliked court nobles middle class taxation burdens

Question 27

economic issues of the countryside:

Answer 27

``` 1770-89 poor harvests land holding (land was split)- susbsitence farming ```

Question 28

economic issues in the towns

Answer 28

rapid growth lower living conditions rich had to live alongside those in extreme poverty bread riots common

Question 29

why was 1789 particularly bad

Answer 29

1788 harvest was very bad

Question 30

what happened february 1787

Answer 30

called the assembly of notables

Question 31

what was the assembly of nobles

Answer 31

144 nobles come together to vote on whether to accept calonnes proposals they don't so an estates general is called

Question 32

what was the artistocratic revolt

Answer 32

after calonnes failure at the assembly, he tried to get proposals through parliament which fails so louis forces them through forcing the aristocracy to revolt

Question 33

what did Necker when reappointed in 1789

Answer 33

called an estates general

Question 34

when was the estates general

Answer 34

5 may 1789

Question 35

what was the three estates

Answer 35

when the three estates met to discuss their grievances, louis failed to put forward a schedule. three groups were divied and the third estate was under represented

Question 36

what was the national assembly

Answer 36

this was formed when the third and first estate argued over whether to vote by estate or by number or representatives fromed when third estate start checking deputies credentials

Question 37

what was the tennis court oath

Answer 37

when the King shut down the national assemblies meeting place so they went to a nearby tennis court to decide upon a new constitution

Question 38

what were the July days

Answer 38

11-20,000 troops in paris Necker dismissed 12-violent clashes after Necker's dismissal 13-barricades to prevent more royal troops entering paris 14-bastille stormed by mob (sans culottes) 15- louis removes troops 17-had to share power with National assembly

Question 39

what happened in the country in 1789

Answer 39

poor harvest of 1788 lead to rumours of criminals being sent to destroy harvests intentionally. attacked symbols of feudal power 20th july-6th august was main disruption

Question 40

why was the abolition of feuda;lism thought of

Answer 40

peasant uprisings

Question 41

when were the august decrees

Answer 41

4th of august

Question 42

what was in the august decrees

Answer 42

``` feudal rights abolished tithes etc abolished equal taxes all eligable for any office compensation for loss of feudal rights ```

Question 43

what was the declaration of the rights of man

Answer 43

august 26th | gave a constitutional monarchy and guarnteed french rights

Question 44

what is the Kings suspenisve veto

Answer 44

he could deny laws for four years

Question 45

why was the assembly worried about Louis xvi

Answer 45

14th of september he moves royal troops to teh capital- fears he wont accept a consitutional monarchy

Question 46

what did louis do on October the 2nd

Answer 46

insulted the revolutionary flag.

Question 47

What was the effect of the march on versailles

Answer 47

King was forced to accept the august decrees.