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#French revolution > #1-Causes of revolution / 1789 events > Flashcards

#1-Causes of revolution / 1789 events Flashcards

1
Q

who is in the first estate

A

the clergy, they made up 0.5% of population and had loads of control such as education

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2
Q

who were the second estate

A

120,000 nobles (less then 1% of population)
people who worked with king
venal office workers
those with country estates

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3
Q

who were third estate

A

28 million
bourgeoise- middle class people
peasants in the countryside- 80%
city workers

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4
Q

what privledges did the first and second estate have

A

annual grant of about 16 million livres (no tax)

2nd- exempt from large land tax taille, avoided conscription

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5
Q

what burdens did the third estate have

A

heavy tax burden
paid highest taille and gabelle
tithe to church
conscription

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6
Q

How was Louis limited in terms of power

A

relied on advice from administratos for decisions
needed consent from nobles
deep rooted privledges

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7
Q

what are the viewpoints of louis’ personality

A

lacked will but had good intention
devoted to subjects and reform
was not strong enough for the challenges

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8
Q

what issues were there with government

A

saw ministers individually instead of group decisions
court factions
large variation of laws and customs across France hard to organise

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9
Q

what was the cost of the war of austrain succession

A

1 billion livres

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10
Q

what was the cost of the 7 years war

A

1.8 billion livres

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11
Q

what war made the financial situation particularly bad

A

US war of independence

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12
Q

what caused a huge financial burden on france

A

debt from war

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13
Q

why was taxing inefficient

A

nobles were exempt
tax collection ineffecient due to regional differences
tax farming was inefficient

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14
Q

when was turgot controller general

A

1774-76

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15
Q

what attempts did turgot use to improvce economy

A

removed price controls
removed guilds
proposed new property taxes

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16
Q

when was Necker controller general

A

1777-1781

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17
Q

what did Necker propose

A

reducing royal expenditure
increase royal share of farmed taxes
cut venal offices

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18
Q

what was Necker’s key mistakes

A

told Louis that France could afford the US war of independence - cost 1.3 billion livres

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19
Q

when was Calonne controller general

A

1783-89

20
Q

how did Calonne deal with financial issues

A

keep spending lavishly to maintain confidence in company

wished to make changes to tax

21
Q

how bad was the situation in 1789

A

deficit of 126 million livres
debt taking 51% of spending
36% defence

22
Q

what was the enlightenment

A

bringing new liberal ideas into france

23
Q

who were three main enlightenment thinkers

A

Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau

24
Q

where we enlightenment ideas passed

A

in salons and newspapers

by soldiers after the US war of independence

25
Q

how many newspapers were there in 1785

A

80

26
Q

what are examples of social discontent:

A

court and church discontent
priests didn’t get much tithe
nobles disliked court nobles
middle class taxation burdens

27
Q

economic issues of the countryside:

A 
1770-89 poor harvests
land holding (land was split)- susbsitence farming
28
Q

economic issues in the towns

A

rapid growth
lower living conditions
rich had to live alongside those in extreme poverty
bread riots common

29
Q

why was 1789 particularly bad

A

1788 harvest was very bad

30
Q

what happened february 1787

A

called the assembly of notables

31
Q

what was the assembly of nobles

A

144 nobles come together to vote on whether to accept calonnes proposals they don’t so an estates general is called

32
Q

what was the artistocratic revolt

A

after calonnes failure at the assembly, he tried to get proposals through parliament which fails so louis forces them through forcing the aristocracy to revolt

33
Q

what did Necker when reappointed in 1789

A

called an estates general

34
Q

when was the estates general

A

5 may 1789

35
Q

what was the three estates

A

when the three estates met to discuss their grievances, louis failed to put forward a schedule. three groups were divied and the third estate was under represented

36
Q

what was the national assembly

A

this was formed when the third and first estate argued over whether to vote by estate or by number or representatives
fromed when third estate start checking deputies credentials

37
Q

what was the tennis court oath

A

when the King shut down the national assemblies meeting place so they went to a nearby tennis court to decide upon a new constitution

38
Q

what were the July days

A

11-20,000 troops in paris Necker dismissed
12-violent clashes after Necker’s dismissal
13-barricades to prevent more royal troops entering paris
14-bastille stormed by mob (sans culottes)
15- louis removes troops
17-had to share power with National assembly

39
Q

what happened in the country in 1789

A

poor harvest of 1788 lead to
rumours of criminals being sent to destroy harvests intentionally. attacked symbols of feudal power
20th july-6th august was main disruption

40
Q

why was the abolition of feuda;lism thought of

A

peasant uprisings

41
Q

when were the august decrees

A

4th of august

42
Q

what was in the august decrees

A 
feudal rights abolished 
tithes etc abolished
equal taxes
all eligable for any office
compensation for loss of feudal rights
43
Q

what was the declaration of the rights of man

A

august 26th

gave a constitutional monarchy and guarnteed french rights

44
Q

what is the Kings suspenisve veto

A

he could deny laws for four years

45
Q

why was the assembly worried about Louis xvi

A

14th of september he moves royal troops to teh capital- fears he wont accept a consitutional monarchy

46
Q

what did louis do on October the 2nd

A

insulted the revolutionary flag.

47
Q

What was the effect of the march on versailles

A

King was forced to accept the august decrees.

#French revolution (4 decks)

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