#2- The revolution from October 1789 to the directory Flashcards
what political reforms did the consitutional monarchy make
83 departments for elections- divided into districts.more power given to local authority
right to vote to all active citizens
what tax reforms did the constitutional monarchy make
everyone paid tax
all paid land tax
only active citizens paid tax onmoveable goods
what judicial reforms were introduced under the constitutional monarchy
torture abolsihed
justice of the peace in each canton
trialby jury
what church reforms did the consitutional monarchy make
church property belonged to state
abuses of pluralism aboloshed
clergy were paid by state
protestants given full civil rights
what was the clerical oath of 1790
had to take an oath to the consitution. causes conflict with the pope
when was the flight to varennes
20th june 1791
what did the flight to varennes show
Louis did not understand how popular the changes of 1789 were
many no longer trusted him
constitutional monarchy was in doubt
republicanism grew
when was the champs de mars massacre
17th july 1791
what was the champs de mars massacre
50,000 protest for a republic. 50 people killed and leaders of cordeliers danton and brissot flee
when does the legislative assembly replace the natioanl constituent assembly
1791
was there chances of the monarchy succeeding
new deputies lacked experience king did not believe in it king did accept constitution controlled successfully in july many popular changes
what caused riots in 1789
political instability and rising bread prices
high expectations of estates general
large numbers were influenced by radical groups
who helped the jacobins dominate the government
Robespierre
what was the pillnitz declaration
when austria and prussia declare war on france. louis supports war as either way it would increase his popularity
what caused louis to clash with the assembly
a law making not doing the clerical oath a crime
law demanding land of emigres like Louis brother. he blocked both laws
what about war called for overthrow of monarchy
the fact it went badly- half of officers deserted
what in 1972 made the sans culottes more militant
price rises and food shortages.
when was louis forced to wear the red cap of liberty
20th of june 1972
when was the monarchy overthrown
10th of august 1972- tuilleries attacked, they hid in legislative assembly however they were forced to be handed over
when were the monarchy executed
1793
why did the september massacres take place
to get rid of all counter revolutionaries
how many prisoners were killed from 2-4th september
1,300
what were set up in 1793
CGS- committee of general security
CPS- committee of public safety
what was the role of the CPS
twelve man to deal with war strategy
lead by danton and robespierre
levee on masse ordered- conscription
sent out representatives on mission
what was the role of the CGS
twelve deputies
oversee security including poloce
prosecute foreign agents for forged notes
report regularly to national convention
how did the grain controls of 1793 fail
increased the black market
what were the two forms of terror
political and religious
how did robespierre commit political terror
17th september 1793- national convention law of suspects- increased who could be classed as a counter revolutionary - names given to CGS
execution number for march to september 1793
70 people in paris
execution number for october to december
178
1794 death sentences
2639 in paris
16594- in france as a whole
how many low classe people were executed
74% of executions
what method was used to speed up the process of terror by joesph fouche
placed people infront of cannons and killed them using grapeshot
how was france going through dechristianisation
religious terror- driven across france by 1794
drove by the sans culottes
priests removed from posts and churches closed down
robespierre wished for new religion
who was the power struggle between in the convention
girondins and the joacobins
what happened on the 2nd June 1793
29 girondins in NC all removed and executed by national guard
what law made the jacobin government a dictatorship
the law of frimaire - 4th december 1793
what did the law of frimaire do
confirmed cgs and cps had full executive power
disbanded all revolutionary armies except the paris one
who were the two opposition groups
herberts- wanted more terror
indulgents- who wanted less terror
when was the great terror
10th june to the 17th of july - 1794
what three laws were introduced in the great terror
law on general police
law of 19 floreal
law of prairial 10 june 1794
what was the law on general police
allowed the cps to set up police bureau to deploy agents across France to catch counter revolutionaries
what was the law of floreal 19
gave paris revolutionary tribunal highest jurisdiction
what was the law of prairial
increased definition of political crime so anyone could be included
made guilty verdicts more likely
drops acquital rate to 20%
when was the cult of supreme being founded
may 1794
what was the event called which overthrew robespierre
thermidorian reaction July 1974
why did Robespierre fall
illness- withdrawn from cps issues with those who supported dechristianisation cult of supreme being lost support of sans culottes his speech
who were the thermidorians made up of
ex surviving members of cps and cgs as well as national convention
how was power de centralised under the coup of thermidor
membership of cps and cgs changed regularly
setting up communities to share government reponsibilities
repealing law of prairial
abolishing paris commune
closing jacobin club
freedom of religion
how many were massacred in the south in 1795
2,000 lives
what caused the parisian risings of 1795
removal of price controls and a harsh winter
when was the sans culottes finally defeated
20-25 may 1975 using the national guard loyal to the convention
who were the directory chosen by
chosen by council of ancients
held office for five years
what was the natinal convention replaced by
council of five hundred
council of ancients
who made up council of ancients
250 members over 40, approved or rejected legislation
who made up council of 500
all members were over 30 and initiated legislation
who voted for the directory
all males over 21 who paid over 5.5 million in direct task
what were the weaknesses of the directory constitution
yearly elections mean’t instability
no mechanism to solve disputes between two councils and directors
what were economic problems of the directory
inflation
changed from paper to metal coins
not enough so deflation occured.
financial issues of the directory
reliance on war to balance economy
government bonds which essentially become worthless
alienated sections of society- debt was gone but loss support of government creditors
what measures did the directory take to resolve financial issues
september 1797- two thirds of debt written off
profits of war- germany and italy
vincent ramel- 1798- tax reform
new direct taxes eg a window tax
introduced more indirect tax- tax on goods entering towns
tax collection more efficient.
