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#French revolution > #2- The revolution from October 1789 to the directory > Flashcards

#2- The revolution from October 1789 to the directory Flashcards

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1
Q

what political reforms did the consitutional monarchy make

A

83 departments for elections- divided into districts.more power given to local authority
right to vote to all active citizens

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2
Q

what tax reforms did the constitutional monarchy make

A

everyone paid tax
all paid land tax
only active citizens paid tax onmoveable goods

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3
Q

what judicial reforms were introduced under the constitutional monarchy

A

torture abolsihed
justice of the peace in each canton
trialby jury

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4
Q

what church reforms did the consitutional monarchy make

A

church property belonged to state
abuses of pluralism aboloshed
clergy were paid by state
protestants given full civil rights

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5
Q

what was the clerical oath of 1790

A

had to take an oath to the consitution. causes conflict with the pope

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6
Q

when was the flight to varennes

A

20th june 1791

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7
Q

what did the flight to varennes show

A

Louis did not understand how popular the changes of 1789 were
many no longer trusted him
constitutional monarchy was in doubt
republicanism grew

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8
Q

when was the champs de mars massacre

A

17th july 1791

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9
Q

what was the champs de mars massacre

A

50,000 protest for a republic. 50 people killed and leaders of cordeliers danton and brissot flee

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10
Q

when does the legislative assembly replace the natioanl constituent assembly

A

1791

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11
Q

was there chances of the monarchy succeeding

A 
new deputies lacked experience 
king did not believe in it 
king did accept constitution
controlled successfully in july
many popular changes
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12
Q

what caused riots in 1789

A

political instability and rising bread prices
high expectations of estates general
large numbers were influenced by radical groups

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13
Q

who helped the jacobins dominate the government

A

Robespierre

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14
Q

what was the pillnitz declaration

A

when austria and prussia declare war on france. louis supports war as either way it would increase his popularity

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15
Q

what caused louis to clash with the assembly

A

a law making not doing the clerical oath a crime

law demanding land of emigres like Louis brother. he blocked both laws

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16
Q

what about war called for overthrow of monarchy

A

the fact it went badly- half of officers deserted

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17
Q

what in 1972 made the sans culottes more militant

A

price rises and food shortages.

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18
Q

when was louis forced to wear the red cap of liberty

A

20th of june 1972

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19
Q

when was the monarchy overthrown

A

10th of august 1972- tuilleries attacked, they hid in legislative assembly however they were forced to be handed over

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20
Q

when were the monarchy executed

A

1793

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21
Q

why did the september massacres take place

A

to get rid of all counter revolutionaries

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22
Q

how many prisoners were killed from 2-4th september

A

1,300

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23
Q

what were set up in 1793

A

CGS- committee of general security

CPS- committee of public safety

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24
Q

what was the role of the CPS

A

twelve man to deal with war strategy
lead by danton and robespierre
levee on masse ordered- conscription
sent out representatives on mission

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25
Q

what was the role of the CGS

A

twelve deputies
oversee security including poloce
prosecute foreign agents for forged notes
report regularly to national convention

26
Q

how did the grain controls of 1793 fail

A

increased the black market

27
Q

what were the two forms of terror

A

political and religious

28
Q

how did robespierre commit political terror

A

17th september 1793- national convention law of suspects- increased who could be classed as a counter revolutionary - names given to CGS

29
Q

execution number for march to september 1793

A

70 people in paris

30
Q

execution number for october to december

A

178

31
Q

1794 death sentences

A

2639 in paris

16594- in france as a whole

32
Q

how many low classe people were executed

A

74% of executions

33
Q

what method was used to speed up the process of terror by joesph fouche

A

placed people infront of cannons and killed them using grapeshot

34
Q

how was france going through dechristianisation

A

religious terror- driven across france by 1794
drove by the sans culottes
priests removed from posts and churches closed down
robespierre wished for new religion

35
Q

who was the power struggle between in the convention

A

girondins and the joacobins

36
Q

what happened on the 2nd June 1793

A

29 girondins in NC all removed and executed by national guard

37
Q

what law made the jacobin government a dictatorship

A

the law of frimaire - 4th december 1793

38
Q

what did the law of frimaire do

A

confirmed cgs and cps had full executive power

disbanded all revolutionary armies except the paris one

39
Q

who were the two opposition groups

A

herberts- wanted more terror

indulgents- who wanted less terror

40
Q

when was the great terror

A

10th june to the 17th of july - 1794

41
Q

what three laws were introduced in the great terror

A

law on general police
law of 19 floreal
law of prairial 10 june 1794

42
Q

what was the law on general police

A

allowed the cps to set up police bureau to deploy agents across France to catch counter revolutionaries

43
Q

what was the law of floreal 19

A

gave paris revolutionary tribunal highest jurisdiction

44
Q

what was the law of prairial

A

increased definition of political crime so anyone could be included
made guilty verdicts more likely
drops acquital rate to 20%

45
Q

when was the cult of supreme being founded

A

may 1794

46
Q

what was the event called which overthrew robespierre

A

thermidorian reaction July 1974

47
Q

why did Robespierre fall

A 
illness- withdrawn from cps
issues with those who supported dechristianisation
cult of supreme being 
lost support of sans culottes
his speech
48
Q

who were the thermidorians made up of

A

ex surviving members of cps and cgs as well as national convention

49
Q

how was power de centralised under the coup of thermidor

A

membership of cps and cgs changed regularly
setting up communities to share government reponsibilities
repealing law of prairial
abolishing paris commune
closing jacobin club
freedom of religion

50
Q

how many were massacred in the south in 1795

A

2,000 lives

51
Q

what caused the parisian risings of 1795

A

removal of price controls and a harsh winter

52
Q

when was the sans culottes finally defeated

A

20-25 may 1975 using the national guard loyal to the convention

53
Q

who were the directory chosen by

A

chosen by council of ancients

held office for five years

54
Q

what was the natinal convention replaced by

A

council of five hundred

council of ancients

55
Q

who made up council of ancients

A

250 members over 40, approved or rejected legislation

56
Q

who made up council of 500

A

all members were over 30 and initiated legislation

57
Q

who voted for the directory

A

all males over 21 who paid over 5.5 million in direct task

58
Q

what were the weaknesses of the directory constitution

A

yearly elections mean’t instability

no mechanism to solve disputes between two councils and directors

59
Q

what were economic problems of the directory

A

inflation
changed from paper to metal coins
not enough so deflation occured.

60
Q

financial issues of the directory

A

reliance on war to balance economy
government bonds which essentially become worthless
alienated sections of society- debt was gone but loss support of government creditors

61
Q

what measures did the directory take to resolve financial issues

A

september 1797- two thirds of debt written off
profits of war- germany and italy
vincent ramel- 1798- tax reform
new direct taxes eg a window tax
introduced more indirect tax- tax on goods entering towns
tax collection more efficient.

#French revolution (4 decks)

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