4: Culture and Diversity Flashcards
Culture
a belief system that the members hold, consciously or unconsciously, as absolute truth.
Culture shock
stress syndrome that normally progresses through a series of recognizable stages to its resolution
key informants
have an especially rich base of cultural knowledge, are reflective, are willing to share their views, and have consciously considered and are able to articulate their culture
culture change
changes from people coming into contact with new beliefs and ideas
cultural diversity
increases the plurality of ideas and options for behavior to which people are exposed
Ethnocentrism
a way of looking at the world through a personal lens that has been influenced by personality, genetics, family/ relationships, and media. In its mildest form, presents as subconscious disregard for cultural differences; in its most severe form, it presents as authoritarian dominance over groups different from one’s own
cultural relativity
the understanding that cultures relate in different manners to the same given situations
Rituals
common and observable expressions of culture
material culture
artwork, drama, tools, clothes, food, buildings, and rituals
Ethnicity (ethnic identity)
refers to a self- conscious, past-oriented form of identity based on a notion of shared cultural and perhaps ancestral heritage and current position within the larger society
minority
a group of people within a society whose members have different ethnic, racial, national, religious, sexual, political, linguistic, or other characteristics from most of society
race
Race takes biologic characteristics as the markers of separate social status
Racism
uses skin color as the primary indicator of social value
Tuskegee project
The researchers purposefully subjected black prisoners to syphilis without treatment to study the natural course of the disease
institutionalized racism
the differential access to goods, services, and/or opportunities that stigmatized groups may experience, without necessarily involving any specific interpersonal encounter
subculture
the way of life, customs and ideas of a particular group of people within a society, which are different from the rest of that society
Stereotypes
Assigning people to specific categories because of their culture, race, or ethnic emblems. Preconceived and untested beliefs about people
culturally competent nursing: AKA:
transcultural nursing
culturally sensitive care
culturally congruent nursing care
suggests that culture is an integral component of the knowledge and practice base of nursing. An ongoing process with a goal of achieving ability to work effectively with culturally diverse groups and communities with a detailed awareness, specific knowledge, refined skills, and personal and professional respect for cultural attributes, both differences and similarities.
transcultural nursing
a synthesis of anthropology and nursing
Melanin
protects the skin from the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Its presence accounts for the low prevalence of skin cancers found among Blacks and Indians
Mongolian spots
clusters of melanocytes, commonly appearing in Indians, Asian, and Black newborns as poorly circumscribed, macular, blue-black areas of pigmentation, particularly on the lower back around the buttocks. The pigmentation usually dis- appears by early childhood.
Assessment of oxygenation with darkly pigmented skin
most easily observable in areas that are least densely pigmented, such as the sclerae, conjunctivae, nail beds, buccal mucosa, tongue, palms, and soles
ethnographic interview
Structured way to elicit the respondent’s concepts and understandings:
- It begins with an open-ended, general question
- From the patient’s response, the nurse selects some key terms and asks for clarification
- The last part is documentation
explanatory model
questions are posed by the nurse in order to understand the patient’s beliefs about his or her health or the patient’s explanation for his or her condition
key informant technique
a method in which the interviewer looks for, locates, and interviews people who have expert or native knowledge about a culture that the interviewer needs to know.
iatrogenic
caused by hospitalization
Which of the following are characteristics of culture? Select all that apply: a. Learned b. Dynamic c. Ethnocentric d. Relative to context e. Logical f. A set of traits
a. Learned
b. Dynamic
c. Ethnocentric
d. Relative to context
Nursing care may be influenced by the culture of both the patient and nurse. Which of the following techniques will assist nurses in performing culturally competent care?
Select all that apply:
a. Minimize ethnocentric tendencies
b. Knowledge of biocultural variation
c. Use family as bilingual interpreters
d. Consider client perspective
e. Assign to specific category based on culture
a. Minimize ethnocentric tendencies (maximize cultural sensitivity)
b. Knowledge of biocultural variation
d. Consider client perspective
Shared culture is most accurately seen among people with which of the same traits?
a. Ethnicity
b. Skin color
c. Rituals
d. Language
c. Rituals
When language differences exist between the nurse and client, the nurse should do which of the following first:
a. Act in the client’s best interest
b. Use a bilingual family member to facilitate assessment/care
c. Establish whether a trained interpreter is needed
d. Obtain a key informant to navigate patient’s cultural cues
c. Establish whether a trained interpreter is needed
Examples of subcultures include which of the following communities?
Select all that apply:
a. Deaf or hearing impaired
b. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ)
c. HIV/AIDS
d. Truck drivers
e. Impoverished
a. Deaf or hearing impaired
b. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ)
c. HIV/AIDS
d. Truck drivers
Ethnic group
Ethnic group takes social characteristics (such as language, religious tenets, shared beliefs of origin) as markers of cultural identity
