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P & A I > 2: Health, Wellness, and Complementary Medicine > Flashcards

2: Health, Wellness, and Complementary Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

Clinical Model

A

interprets health narrowly as the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury; therefore, the opposite of health is disease

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3
Q

Health Belief Model

A

a relationship exists between a person’s beliefs and actions. Factors that influence those beliefs include the following:
● Personal expectations in relation to health and illness
● Earlier experiences with health and illness
● Sociocultural context
● Age and developmental state

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4
Q

High-Level Wellness Model

A

recognizing health as an ongoing process toward a person’s highest potential of functioning. This process involves the person, the family, and the community

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5
Q

Holistic Health Model

A

acknowledges and respects the interaction of a person’s mind, body, and spirit within the environment

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6
Q

Self-awareness

A

knowing and caring for oneself and recognizing one’s strengths and limitations

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7
Q

disease

A

state of disharmony of mind, body, emotions, and spirit

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8
Q

Illness

A

product of the disharmonious interaction (disease) among mind, body, emotions, and spirit.

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9
Q

homeostasis

A

organism’s attempt to restore balance

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10
Q

Self-care deficit

A

an impaired ability to perform or complete activities of daily living

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11
Q

Dorothea Orem

A

Her nursing theory focuses on self-care so that the person can maintain life, health, and well-being

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12
Q

Martha Rogers

A

Believed the primary purpose of nursing is to help people achieve their maximum health potential

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13
Q

Primary prevention

A

focuses on the health of a person or population, with the goal of preventing a disease or illness. Immunizations are prime examples

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14
Q

Secondary prevention

A

includes screening for early diagnosis

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15
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

The goal is to minimize complications and maximize function in any way possible for already sick patients

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16
Q

Health promotion

A

focuses on lifestyle choices to prevent illness and strives toward high-level wellness

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17
Q

baseline measure

A

body, mind, and spiritual variables includes health attitudes as well as cultural beliefs and practices

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18
Q

Physical measures

A

include current states of nutrition, rest and sleep, elimination, exercise, and hygiene

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19
Q

Psychosocial variables

A

include coping, interactions, self-concept, significant relationships, and cultural practices and recreation.

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20
Q

Spiritual assessment

A

includes beliefs and values

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21
Q

six-stage process of change

A
  1. Precontemplation: Denial/demoralized
  2. Contemplation: Stuck/stalling
  3. Preparation: Planning, going public means telling friends
    and family about desire to change
  4. Action: Begin to modify behavior
  5. Maintenance: Struggle to prevent lapses; work to consolidate gains
  6. Termination: Complete confidence; cycle of change completed
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22
Q

Wellness

A

a dynamic balance among the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of a person’s life

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23
Q

psychosomatic

A

the mind and body are so interrelated that they act on each other intimately, directly, and inseparably

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24
Q

“Doing” therapies

A

such as giving medications, altering diets, and changing dressings, have measurable, linear outcomes.

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25
Q

“Being” therapies

A

recognize the less measurable effects of consciousness both within the person and as a bridge between individuals. Meditation, imagery, and prayer are some examples

26
Q

complementary therapies

A

therapies and systems of whole medicine that would be used in addition to conventional Western medicine

27
Q

allopathic medicine

A

traditional Western medicine

28
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

results from treatment and may be traced to overuse and adverse responses to medication, in addition to abuse of prescription medications

29
Q

integral nursing

A

a comprehensive integral worldview and process plus holistic theories and other paradigms. It encourages the nurse to view nursing from four perspectives:

1) the individual interior: personal, intentional
2) individual exterior:physiologic, behavioral
3) collective interior: shared, cultural
4) collective exterior:systems, structures

30
Q

five major domains of CAM practices

A 
● Whole medical systems
● Mind–body interventions
● Biologically based therapies
● Manipulative and body-based methods
● Energy medicine
31
Q

Concentrative meditation

A

The person focuses on a specific object. Internal or external.

32
Q

Receptive meditation

A

focuses on the deep interconnection between the mind and body

33
Q

reflective meditation

A

person chooses a theme, question, or topic of reflection to gain insight into significant questions

34
Q

Expressive meditation

A

includes movement or expression with the concentrative methods of whirling, shaking, or dancing

35
Q

Traditional Chinese medicine

A

includes acupuncture, massage, herbal treatments, nutrition, moxibustion, movement such as qi gong, and meditation

36
Q

qi (pronounced chee)

A

It comprises all forces of nature: spirit, energy, and life itself.

37
Q

Yang

A

symbolic of the forces of heaven and is considered more active, dynamic, and representative of male energy

38
Q

Yin

A

represents the qi of the earth and is considered more foundational and female

39
Q

Yin and yang

A

Two equal and opposite aspects of qi. Neither force is superior to the other, and neither one can stand alone. Each must contain a small portion of the other dynamic force at all times

40
Q

Acupuncture

A

the needle stimulates the increase or decrease of qi flowing through the meridians

41
Q

Friedrich Bayer

A

developed first synthetic drug, aspirin

42
Q

Steps in Therapeutic Touch

A

First phase-Centering: Practitioner brings attention inward to a quiet, still, peaceful state of consciousness.

Second phase-Assessment: Practitioner moves hands 2 to 6 inches from the patient’s skin surface to gather information about the energy fields.

Third phase-Treatment: the goal is to direct or modulate the energy and restore balance.

43
Q

Indications for Therapeutic Touch

A 
Promoting relaxation 
Altering pain perception 
Decreasing anxiety 
Accelerating healing 
Promoting comfort in dying
44
Q

Potential Outcomes for Therapeutic Touch

A 
Reduced respiratory rate
Facial flushing
Increased temperature of extremities Relief of pain
Relaxation
Reduced anxiety
45
Q

TCM

A

Traditional Chinese medicine

46
Q

A patient is seen in the emergency department related to complaints of fatigue and weakness. Upon further questioning, the nurse finds that the patient has recently lost his job after 35 years and reports no appetite since he was let go 2 weeks ago. Which model of health and well-being best describes this patient’s belief system?

a. Holism
b. High-level wellness
c. Clinical model
d. Health belief model

A

a. Holism

47
Q

A nurse is working with a patient who recently received a mastectomy to prevent breast cancer due to a high rate of breast cancer in her family. The patient seems unengaged in the wound care and complains about nurses “doing stuff to her all of the time.” Which of the following statements would be appropriate for the nurse to make to increase this patient’s engagement and self-worth?
Select all that apply.
a. “You have taken a great step in safeguarding your health by having this surgery.”
b. “I’d like to show you how to change the dressing and what I am assessing when I look at your incision site so that you can do it at home.”
c. “What do you think the hardest part of discharge care is going to be for you?”
d. “You need to be responsible for your wound care once you leave. Here are some written instructions to tell you what you need to do.”

A

a. “You have taken a great step in safeguarding your health by having this surgery.”
b. “I’d like to show you how to change the dressing and what I am assessing when I look at your incision site so that you can do it at home.”
c. “What do you think the hardest part of discharge care is going to be for you?”

48
Q

A community health nurse is working with a smoking cessation group. One member states, “I had quit for a year and now I’m back to smoking with all this stress at work lately. I’ll never be able to maintain it!” Which phase of change best describes this statement?

a. Precontemplation
b. Contemplation
c. Preparation
d. Termination

A

a. Precontemplation

49
Q

A nurse is admitting an elderly patient and is inquiring about her current health conditions and treatments. The patient states that she uses melatonin for frequent insomnia. Which of the following nursing actions are most appropriate to detail the use of CAM therapies?
Select all that apply:
a. Ask if there are any prescriptions taken for insomnia and document appropriately.
b. Ask if the patient uses any other CAM therapies in addition to this supplement.
c. Document the use of melatonin along with other vitamins, prescription, and nonprescription medica- tions.
d. Ask if the patient uses any other “non–evidence- based” therapies.

A

b. Ask if the patient uses any other CAM therapies in addition to this supplement.
c. Document the use of melatonin along with other vitamins, prescription, and nonprescription medications.

50
Q

A patient is receiving acupuncture treatments in addition to chemotherapy to increase her energy and “keep her blood counts up.” The nurse caring for this patient is not familiar with acupuncture in cancer care. Which of the following actions would improve her understanding of this type of CAM therapy?
Select all that apply:
a. Knowing where to access reliable information (e.g., NCCAM)
b. Educating herself on acupuncture modality and history
c. Actively referring to acupuncturists and developing a
relationship
d. Researching qualifications and credentials of practitioners

A

a. Knowing where to access reliable information (e.g., NCCAM)
b. Educating herself on acupuncture modality and history
c. Actively referring to acupuncturists and developing a relationship
d. Researching qualifications and credentials of practitioners

51
Q

botanicals

A

Plant species with medicinal properties

52
Q

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

A

Those practices that do not form part of the dominant system for managing health and disease

53
Q

environment

A

Context in which a person lives; includes

social and inanimate characteristics

54
Q

herbs

A

Plant species with medicinal properties

55
Q

holism

A

Seeing the universe—and the client—as a system of connected parts rather than a sum of isolated parts

56
Q

holistic healthcare

A

Concept that emphasizes humanism, choices, self-care activities, and a peer relationship between healthcare provider and client

57
Q

holistic intervention

A

Activities for the interrelated needs of body, mind, emotions, and spirit

58
Q

integrative healthcare

A

Cross-disciplinary reality and progressive acceptance of a broader aspect of care

59
Q

integrative medicine

A

Complementary or alternative medicine or those practices that do not form part of the dominant system for managing health and disease

60
Q

meditation

A

Drug given for its therapeutic effects

61
Q

Therapeutic Touch

A

A healing meditation in which the practitioner assesses and treats the client’s energy field and attempts to redirect any obstructed, disordered, or depleted areas

P & A I (7 decks)

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