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P & A I > 1: The Profession of Nursing > Flashcards

1: The Profession of Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Hippocrates

A

“father of medicine”

He has been credited with developing assessment standards for patients, establishing overall medical standards, and recognizing a need for nurses

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2
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

“the lady with the lamp” and the founder of modern nursing

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3
Q

“sick nursing”

A

helping patients use their own reparative processes to get well

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4
Q

“health nursing”

A

preventing illness

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5
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Although she was not a nurse, she established the Nurse Corps of the United States Army, further expanding nursing’s role

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6
Q

Clara Barton

A

founded the American Red Cross

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7
Q

The American Journal of Nursing (AJN )

A

the first nursing journal to be owned, operated, and published by nurses

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8
Q

Socialization

A

process that involves learning theory and skills and internalizing an identity appropriate to a specific role. Internalizing a specific role allows one to participate as a member of a group.

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9
Q

Patricia Benner

A

In From Novice to Expert, she discussed socialization and skill acquisition in nursing. This process takes 5 to 10 years after graduation

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10
Q

five levels of nursing skill proficiency

A 
novice
advanced beginner
competent
proficient
expert
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11
Q

Florence Nightingale’s nursing definition

A

the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery

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12
Q

ANA nursing definition

A

Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations

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13
Q

Novice Proficiency

A

A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which he or she has had no previous experience. Behavior is governed by established rules and is limited and inflexible.

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14
Q

Advanced beginner Proficiency

A

The advanced beginner can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance. He or she has had enough experience in actual situations to identify meaningful aspects or global characteristics that can be identified only through prior experience.

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15
Q

Competent Proficiency

A

Competence is reflected by the nurse who has been on the same job for 2 or 3 years and who consciously and deliberately plans nursing care in terms of long-range goals.

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16
Q

Proficient Proficiency

A

The proficient nurse perceives situations as a whole rather than in terms of aspects and manages nursing care rather than performing tasks.

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17
Q

Expert Proficiency

A

The expert nurse no longer relies on rules or guidelines to connect understanding of a situation to an appropriate action. The expert nurse, with an enormous background of experience, has an intuitive grasp of the situation and zeroes in on the problem.

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18
Q

licensed practical nurse (LPN)

A

LPNs differ from RNs in two areas: educational preparation and scope of practice.

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19
Q

Professional nurse

A

a nurse possessing the baccalaureate degree in nursing

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20
Q

advanced practice nursing

A

An example is the nurse practitioner (NP) and involves issuance of a second license

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21
Q

nurse practitioner (NP)

A

a nurse with advanced education. They function with more independence and autonomy than other nurses and are highly skilled at doing nursing assessments, performing physical exami- nations, counseling, teaching, and treating health problems

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22
Q

clinical nurse specialist (CNS)

A

has advanced experience and expertise in a specialized area of practice such as gerontology, pediatrics, critical care, or pulmonary disease

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23
Q

nurse midwife

A

provide independent care for women during normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Also may perform routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and breast examina- tions and assist patients with family planning.

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24
Q

nurse researcher

A

responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing knowledge and practice through the investigation of nursing problems

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25
Q

nurse administrator

A

manages and controls patient care, responsible for specific nursing units and serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing

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26
Q

nurse educator

A

generally have specific clinical specialties and advanced clinical experience

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27
Q

Standards of Care:

ASSESSMENT

A

The RN collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health or situation.

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28
Q

Standards of Care:

DIAGNOSIS

A

The RN analyzes the assessment data to determine the issues

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29
Q

Standards of Care:

OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION

A

The RN identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation

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30
Q

Standards of Care:

PLANNING

A

The RN develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes

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31
Q

Standards of Care:

IMPLEMENTATION

A

The RN implements the identified plan. This includes coordination of care, health teaching and health promotion, consultation, and prescriptive authority and treatment

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32
Q

Standards of Care:

EVALUATION

A

RN evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes.

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33
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

ETHICS

A

The RN practices using ethical principles

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34
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

EDUCATION

A

The RN attains knowledge and competency that reflects current nursing practice and competency in nursing and professional development practice.

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35
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND RESEARCH

A

The RN evaluates one’s own nursing practice in relation to professional practice standards and guidelines, integrating evidence and research findings into practice.

36
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

QUALITY OF PRACTICE

A

The RN interacts with and contributes to the professional development of peers and colleagues

37
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

COMMUNICATION

A

The RN communicates and collaborates with the patient, family, and others in all areas of practice.

38
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

LEADERSHIP

A

The RN demonstrates leadership in the profession

39
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

COLLABORATION

A

The RN collaborates with the patient, family, and others in all areas of practice

40
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE EVALUATION

A

The RN evaluates practice in relation to practice standards and guidelines, statues, rules, regulations, and research.

41
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

RESOURCE UTILIZATION

A

The RN considers factors related to services that are safe, effective, and financially responsible

42
Q

Standards of Professional Performance:

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

A

The RN practices in an environmentally safe and healthy manner.

43
Q

The standards of care list

A

designates professional nursing responsibilities

44
Q

nurse practice act

A

defines the practice of nursing within that area

45
Q

American Nurses Association

A

nursing’s professional organization, open only to registered professional nurses, it sets the standards of practice for nurses

46
Q

National League for Nursing

A

support nursing education with the goal of producing a well-prepared and diverse nursing workforce

47
Q

American Association of Colleges of Nursing

A

This organization sets standards and publishes essential components of baccalaureate, master’s, and doctoral education in nursing

48
Q

The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education

A

established by the AACN and is an autonomous accrediting agency that contributes to the improvement of public health by ensuring the quality and integrity of baccalaureate and graduate education programs

49
Q

Sigma Theta Tau International

A

Honor Society of Nursing

“love,” “courage,” and “honor.”

50
Q

National Student Nurses Association

A

Its goals are to contribute to nursing education to provide for the highest quality of healthcare; to provide programs representative of fundamental and current professional interests and concerns; and to aid in the development of the whole person, his or her professional role, and his or her responsibility for the healthcare of people in all walks of life

51
Q

conceptual framework

A

describes ideas about individuals, groups, situations, and events

52
Q

four central concepts in nursing practice

A

person, environment, health, and nursing

53
Q

concept of person

A

refers to all human beings. People are the recipients of nursing care; they include individuals, families, communities, and groups.

54
Q

concept of Environment

A

includes factors that affect individuals internally and externally. It means not only everyday surroundings but also settings where nursing care is provided

55
Q

concept of nursing

A

Definitions of nursing describe what nursing is, what nurses do, and how nurses interact with patients

56
Q

Nursing theory

A

provides the foundation for nursing knowledge and gives direction to nursing practice. They are a way to relate concepts and the significant relationships between them.
Common to all nurs- ing theories are four major concepts: person, environment, health, and nursing.

57
Q

General systems theory

A

includes purpose, content, and process, breaking down the “whole” and analyzing the parts:
● All systems must be goal directed.
● A system is more than the sum of its parts.
● A system is ever changing, and any change in one part affects
the whole.
● Boundaries are implicit, and human systems are open and
dynamic

58
Q

Human needs

A

any physiologic or psychological factors necessary for a healthy existence

59
Q

Hildegard E. Peplau

A

Interpersonal Relations in Nursing - To develop an interpersonal interaction between patient and nurse

60
Q

Virginia Henderson

A

The Nature of Nursing - To assist the patient in gaining independence as rapidly as possible

61
Q

Martha E. Rogers

A

Theoretical Basis of Nursing - To assist the patient in achieving a maximum level of wellness

62
Q

Dorothea E. Orem

A

Nursing: Concepts of Practice - To provide care and to assist the patient to attain self-care

63
Q

Betty Neuman

A

The Neuman Systems Model: Application to Nursing Education and Practice -To address the effects of stress and reactions to it on the development and maintenance of health

64
Q

Sister Callista Roy

A

To identify the types of demands placed on a patient and the patient’s adaptation to the demands

65
Q

Jean Watson

A

Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring - To focus on curative factors derived from a humanistic perspective and from scientific knowledge

66
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not - To help individuals responsible for caring for the sick to “think how to nurse.” Theory addresses fundamental needs of the sick and basic principles of good healthcare.

67
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs states…

A

All humans are born with instinctive needs. people must meet lower-level needs to some degree before they can address higher-level needs.

68
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy pyramid

A 
Physiologic Needs
Safety Needs
Love Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization Needs
69
Q

Maslow Physiologic Needs

A

Oxygen, food, water, elimination, activity, rest, temperature maintenance, and sex.

70
Q

Maslow Safety Needs

A

physically safe and free from the fear and anxiety that result from a lack of security and protection

71
Q

Maslow Love Needs

A

people need to feel that they belong and are loved to avoid loneliness and isolation. To meet this need, a person must give and receive love

72
Q

Maslow Esteem Needs

A

People need to know that others think well of, admire, and respect them
Self-esteem is a person’s sense of his or her own adequacy and worth

73
Q

Maslow Self-Actualization Needs

A

the innate need to realize fully all of one’s abilities and qualities

74
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

Change Theory - recognizes the dynamic nature of growth and the need for constant reevaluation of nursing practice:

  1. Recognition of the area where change is needed
  2. Analysis of a situation to determine what forces exist to maintain the situation and what forces are working to change it
  3. Identification of methods by which change can occur
  4. Recognition of the influence of group mores or customs on change
  5. Identification of the methods that the reference group uses to bring about change
  6. The actual process of change
75
Q

3 of change

A

Unfreezing: recognition of the need for change and the dissolution of previously held patterns of behavior
Movement:shift of behavior toward a new and more healthful pattern. marks the initiation of change
Refreezing: the long-term solidification of the new pattern of behavior.

76
Q

Marjory Gordon

A

functional health patterns: delineate the human needs of the person, family, community, and group. These patterns are unique because they are interrelated

77
Q

According to Patricia Benner’s From Novice to Expert, there are five distinct levels of proficiency. Micah is a nurse with 3 years of experience who is now able to analyze his patient’s congestive heart failure as conceptually related to the renal failure and anemia that are present rather than as separate issues. Which level most appropriately describes his proficiency?

A

Advanced beginner:
The first 5 years after graduation from nursing school and is described as seeing situations in parts to seeing them more conceptually, or as a whole.

78
Q 
Marcy is aware that nursing responsibilities are related to professional performance. Which of the following are included in these standards? 
Select all that apply:
a. Collaboration
b. Performance appraisal 
c. Outcome identification 
d. Quality of care
A

a. Collaboration
b. Performance appraisal
d. Quality of care
Other elements include education, collegiality, ethics, research, and use of resources.

79
Q

A nurse is found guilty of performing procedures outside her scope of practice. Identify which elements are true related to nursing scope of practice.
a. Scope of practice is defined by each state’s nurse practice act.
b. The ANA sets requirements for licensure.
c. Scope of practice is defined by NLNAC–certified
school curricula.
d. Reciprocity explains the relationship between scope
of practice and state licensure.

A

Scope of practice is defined by each state’s nurse practice act.

80
Q

An antibiotic is ordered that the patient has had an allergic reaction to in the past. Which would be an appropriate nursing action as determined by the professional nursing role? Select all that apply:

a. Identify that the antibiotic is inappropriate.
b. Document the allergy and call the physician.
c. Administer the drug as ordered.
d. Complain to other nurses about the physician’s poor judgment.

A

a. Identify that the antibiotic is inappropriate.

b. Document the allergy and call the physician.

81
Q

A patient reports frustration that she has been unable to sleep while in the hospital and that she is exhausted. The nurse also notes that the patient has an unreliable social support network, has poor confidence in her ability to care for herself after discharge, and is a fall risk. Which of these issues would take priority according to Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs?

a. Sleep
b. Fall risk
c. Social support
d. Doubt related to self-care

A

a. Sleep

82
Q

environment

A

Context in which a person lives; includes

social and inanimate characteristics

83
Q

functional health patterns

A

A framework for collecting and organizing nursing assessment data to ascertain the client’s strengths and any actual or potential dysfunctional patterns

84
Q

health

A

(1) State of well-being and optimal functioning;

(2) Interactive process between the person and the internal and external environment

85
Q

nurse anesthetist

A

Professional with specialized education and skills in the administration of general or regional anesthesia anesthetic agents and in monitoring clients during surgical and other procedures

86
Q

nursing

A

Profession that involves diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems

87
Q

self-actualization

A

Process of developing one’s maximum

potential and managing one’s life confidently

P & A I (7 decks)

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