4. Cranial Autonomics (Wright) Flashcards
What are the nuclei for the general visceral efferent parasympathetics in the head?
Edinger-Westphal, superior salavatory nucleus, inferior salivatory nucleus, and the dorsal vagal ganglia.
Which cranial nerves are associated with the Edinger-Westphal, superior salivatory, inferior salivatory, and dorsal vagal nuclei respectively?
Edinger-Westphal -> Oculomotor
Superior salivatory -> Facial
Inferior salivatory -> Glossopharyngeal
Dorsal vagal -> Vagus
Where do all sympathetic fibers in the head arise from?
The superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk.
What four ganglia in the head serve as the points of synapse for the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the autonomics in the head?
The ciliary ganglion, the pterygopalantine ganglion, the otic ganglion, and the submandibular ganglion.
Which cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetics?
CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN X.
Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus.
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the head piggyback on which structure to arrive at the structure the innervated?
Branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Name the four routes for postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the head.
What routes do they take?
What is innervated by each of these routes?
Sympathetic nerves have four routes they can take:
They can jump on the external carotid artery to provide vasomotor innervation to the parotid gland.
They can jump on the facial artery to provide vasomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands.
They can jump on the internal carotid plexus and either:
- Become the deep petrosal nerve, which runs along the facial nerve to get to the pterygoid canal -> becoming the nerve of the pterygoid canal and innervating the blood vessels and sweat glands of the nose.
- Move towards the eye to provide pupillary dilation.
What are the symptoms and anatomic correlations of Horner syndrome?
Horner syndrome is a lack of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face. It results in Ptosis, Anhydrosis, Miosis.
PAM Horner is very sympathetic.
What branches of the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerves piggyback postganglionic parasympathetics?
Lacrimal branch - parasympathetics to the lacrimal gland
Short Ciliary - parasympathetics to the ciliary muscles of the eye.
What branches of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve piggyback parasympathetic innervation?
Zygomatic - more parasympathetics to the lacrimal glands
Greater and lesser palantine - mucosa of the soft and hard palate
Posterior superior nasal - to the posterior and superior portion of the nasal cavity.
What branches of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve piggyback parasympathetic innervation?
Lingual - submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Auriculotemporal - parotid salivary glands.
What ganglia in the head are associated with CN III, VII, and IX respectively?
CN III -> ciliary ganglion.
CN VII -> pterygopalantine and submandibular ganglia.
CN IX -> otic ganglion
What is the parasympathetic contribution of the oculomotor nerve?
Parasympathetic fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, through the ciliary ganglion, and into the constrictor pupilae and ciliary muscles of the eye.
What are the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve?
Stimulates the lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands.
Stimulates the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal mucosal glands.
Which nucleus is associated with the facial nerve?
The superior salivatory nucleus.
