2. Myology (Olinger)

Question 1

Identify the blacked out structures.

Answer 1

Question 2

Which nerves innervate the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles?

Answer 2

Anterior scalene: C4-C6.

Middle scalene: C3-C8.

Posterior scalene: C6-C8.

Question 3

What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer 3

The nerve to the mylohyoid.

Question 4

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 4

Sternothyroid muscle.

Thyrohyoid muscle.

Sternohyoid muscle.

Omohyoid muscle.

Question 5

What is the innervation to the geniohyoid?

Answer 5

Fibers from C1, which travel with the hypoglossal nerve.

Question 6

What is the innervation to the stylohyoid?

Answer 6

The facial nerve.

Question 7

What is the innervation to the thyrohyoid muscle?

Answer 7

Fibers from C1 by the hypoglossal nerve.

Question 8

What are the anterior borders for the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Where do they all attach posteriorly?

Answer 8

Anterior borders.

Superior – pterygomandibular raphae

Middle – hyoid

Inferior – thyroid cartilage

All three attach to the pharyngeal raphae posteriorly.

Question 9

Identify the following blackedout structures.

Answer 9

Question 10

Identify the blacked out infrahyoid muscles.

Answer 10

Question 11

In which triangle is the thyroid gland contained?

Answer 11

Within the muscular triangle – a sub triangle of the anterior triangle of the neck

Question 12

Label the following muscles.

In which triangle are they found?

Answer 12

Question 13

What is congenital torticollis?

Answer 13

CN: Congenital Torticollis is a disorder produced by fibrous tissue tumor which forms in the Sternocleidomastoid M. which causes the head to turn and the face to look away from the affected side. A hematoma can arise and impinge on the Spinal Accessory N. which denervates the Stenocleidomastoid M.

Question 14

What is the innervation to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer 14

The facial nerve.

Question 15

What are the two divisions for zones I, II, and III of the neck?

Answer 15

The angle of the mandible and the cricoid cartilage.

Question 16

What innervates the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 16

The spinal accessory nerve.

Question 17

Identify the following posterior aspect laryngeal muscles.

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the innervation for all of the laryngeal muscles except for the cricothyroid?

Answer 18

Recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Question 19

Identify the following muscles on the lateral aspect of the larynx, deep to the thyroid cartilage.

Answer 19

Question 20

What innervates the anterior vertebral column muscles?

Answer 20

Anterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves.

Question 21

Label the following three structures.

Answer 21

Question 22

Where does longus capitis insert?

Answer 22

On the skull anterior to the foramen magnum.

Question 23

Identify the following triangles and listed borders.

Answer 23

Question 24

Identify the blacked out suprahyoid muscles.

Answer 24

Question 25

What four muscles make up the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 25

Mylohyoid M. Geniohyoid M. Stylohyoid M. Anterior belly of the digastric M. Posterior belly of the digastric M.

Question 26

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 26

Facial artery. Submental artery. Submandibular gland. Hypoglossal nerve. Mylohyoid nerve.

Question 27

What are the muscles of the anterior vertebral column?

Answer 27

Longus colli (superior oblique, vertical, inferior oblique). Longus capitis. Rectus capitis anterior. Rectus capitis lateralis.

Question 28

How can you tell apart the stylohyoid muscle and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer 28

The stylohyoid muscle remains muscular throughout its entire presentation. The posterior belly of the digastric muscle has a tenderness portion near its insertion.

Question 29

What is the origin and insertion for rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis?

Answer 29

Both go from the atlas to the occipital bone.

Question 30

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 30

Hypoglossal nerve. Internal jugular vein. Vagus nerve. External carotid artery. Common carotid artery. Ansa cervicalis.

Question 31

Identify the blacked out contents of the carotid triangle.

Answer 31

Question 32

What is spasmodic torticollis?

Answer 32

Adult onset torticollis which involves abnormal tonicity of the cervical muscles - usually sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.

Question 33

Identify the blacked out origins and insertions for the pharyngeal muscles.

Answer 33

Question 34

Identify the blocked out muscles on the anterior vertebral column.

Answer 34

Question 35

What is significant about zone II in terms of neck wounds?

Answer 35

Zona II is the most dangerous, but also the most easy to access surgically.

Question 36

What are the laryngeal muscles?

Answer 36

Cricothyroid muscle. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle. Transverse arytenoid muscle. Thyroarytenoid muscle. Oblique arytenoid muscle. (Aryepiglottic part of the oblique arytenoid muscle.) Vocalis muscle.

Question 37

What are the attachment points for the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 37

The pharyngotympanic tube and the pharynx.

Question 38

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

Answer 38

Sternohyoid muscle. Sternothyroid muscle. Thyroid gland. Parathyroid gland.

Question 39

What are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles? What innervates these muscles?

Answer 39

The pharyngeal constrictor muscles include the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles. They are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve and pharyngeal plexus.

Question 40

What is this muscle?

Answer 40

Question 41

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

Answer 41

Levator scapulae muscle. Anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles. The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle. Splenius Capitis M.

Question 42

Identify the blacked out contents of the anterior muscular triangle.

Answer 42

Question 43

What is the innervation to all of the infrahyoid muscle except for the thyrohyoid?

Answer 43

The ansa cervicalis.

Question 44

Identify the blacked out pharyngeal muscles.

Answer 44

Question 45

What is the innervation to the platysma?

Answer 45

A branch of the facial nerve.

Question 46

What is the innervation of the mylohyoid?

Answer 46

Nerve to the mylohyoid.

Question 47

What are the three parts of longus colli?

Answer 47

A superior oblique part, a vertical part, and an inferior oblique part.

Question 48

What is the innervation for the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 48

The external laryngeal nerve.

Question 49

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 49

The sternocleidomastoid, the trapezius, and the clavicle.

Question 50

Label the following structures of the posterior triangle.

Answer 50