4) Computer Systems Flashcards
What are computer’s hardware devices?
Primary storage
Secondary storage
I/O devices
Processors
What is secondary storage?
Memory that can store data and instructions not currently in use
What are examples of I/O devices?
Keyboard
Mouse
Monitor
Speakers
What are the main types of secondary storage?
Hard disk drive (HDD)
Solid state drive (SSD)
Compact disk (CD)
Flash (USB drive)
What are processors?
Special components that process data and instructions to control other componets
What are the 2 main types of processor?
Central processing unit (CPU)
Graphics processing unit (GPU)
What is primary storage?
The memory used to store data or instructions currently in use
What are the types of primary storage?
Random access memory (RAM)
Read-only memory (ROM)
What are general purpose systems?
Systems capable of performing many different tasks
What are examples of general purpose systems?
PCs
Macs
Smartphones
What are embedded systems?
Computer systems built into a device to support its function
What is a transistor?
An electrical component that acts as an electrically controlled switch
What do transistors do?
Temporarily store data
What is the presence of electricity represented by?
1
What are transistors arranged into?
Circuits
What can transistor circuits do?
Perform operations such as calculations
What do multiple transistors create?
Logic gates and logic circuits
What are examples of logic gates?
AND
OR
NOT
XOR
When does an AND gate output true?
If both inputs are true
When does an OR gate output true?
If either or both inputs are true
When does a NOT gate output true?
If the input is false
What functions can logic circuits perform?
Adding numbers
Storing data
What should you evaluate in an expression first?
Brackets
NOT (True OR False) –> NOT(True) –> False
What do truth tables show?
The input and output state for each combination of a logic circuit