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GCSE Computer Science > 3) Fundamentals of Data Representation > Flashcards

3) Fundamentals of Data Representation Flashcards

Learn changing between binary, denary, hex Learn binary addition, subtraction, multiplication

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1
Q

How big is a nibble?

A

A nibble is 4 bits

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2
Q

How big is a byte?

A

A byte is 8 bits

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3
Q

Rank the storage units

A 
Bit (1)
Nibble (4)
Byte (8)
Kilobyte (1000B)
Megabyte (1000KB)
Gigabyte (1000MB)
Terbayte (1000GB)
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4
Q

What is the equation for the capacity of a device?

A

required capacity = number of files x size of a single file

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5
Q

What digits does hexadecimal use?

A

Hexadecimal uses 0-9 then A-F (16 different symbols)

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6
Q

Why is hexadecimal used?

A

Allows us to find errors easier

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7
Q

What are advantages of hex?

A

Easier and faster to write 2 digits than the full binary sequence
Easier for a human to process than binary

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8
Q

Where is hex used?

A

Machine code
Assembly
HTML colours
MAC addresses

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9
Q

What is the RGB scale?

A

The RGB scale is 0-255

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10
Q

What is a MAC address?

A

A MAC address uniquely identifies a networked device

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11
Q

How many bits is a MAC address?

A

48 bits shown as 6 groups of 2 hex digits

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12
Q

How are MAC addresses structured?

A

The first 6 hex digits identify the device manufacturer

The second 6 hex digits identify the device serial number

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13
Q

What is an overflow error?

A

An overflow error is when a binary number is carried past the last place column during binary addition

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14
Q

How do you multiply or divide in binary?

A

You perform a binary shift where every number is shifted a set number of places

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15
Q

What are problems with binary shifting?

A

Data shifting off the left can cause an overflow error

Data shifting off the right can cause a loss of accuracy

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16
Q

What is a character set?

A

A collection of all of the characters that a computer recognises, along with their binary codes

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17
Q

What are some examples of character sets

A

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Unicode

18
Q

What is the most common character set?

A

ASCII is the most common character set

19
Q

How many bits is each ASCII character?

A

Each ASCII character is represented by 7-bit binary code, this means there is a maximum of 128 characters

20
Q

What are limitations of ASCII?

A

Does not include non-english special characters

21
Q

Why was Unicode released?

A

Unicode was relseased due to the need to standardise charactrer sets internationally

22
Q

How many bits is each Unicode character?

A

Each Unicode character is represented by between 8 and 48 bit binary codes

23
Q

How are Unicode and ASCII compatible?

A

Unicode and ASCII are compatible because the first 256 characters are identical

24
Q

What are most digital images stored as?

A

Bitmaps

25
Q

What is colour depth?

A

The amount of bits used to store the colour of each pixel

26
Q

What are common colour depths?

A

1-bit
8-bit
16-bit
24-bit

27
Q

What is resolution?

A

The number of pixels in an image

28
Q

What are examples of metadata?

A

Resolution
Colour depth
Encoding format
Time/ date of photo

29
Q

How is image file size calculated?

A

file size (b) = image width x image height x colour depth (b)

30
Q

How is image file size calculated with bytes (B)?

A

file size (B) = file size (b) / 8

31
Q

What are black pixels stored as?

A

0

32
Q

What is converted to digital sound?

A

Analogue waves

33
Q

What is sampling?

A

When a sound’s amplitude is recorded at regular intervals

34
Q

What is sample rate?

A

The number of samples taken per minute

35
Q

How is quality of audio increased?

A

Increasing sampling rate

Increasing sample size

36
Q

How is bit rate calculated?

A

Bitrate = sample rate x sample size

37
Q

What is lossy compression?

A

Removing unnecessary details with data permanently lost

38
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

Reducing file size with algorithms without losing any data

39
Q

What is run length encoding (RLE)?

A

A form of lossless compression

Replaces repeating 1s and 0s with more efficient representation

40
Q

What is huffman coding used for?

A

Long pieces of text

Lossless compression

41
Q

How do you create a huffman tree?

A

Left branch = 0
Right branch = 1
More frequent characters at the top

GCSE Computer Science (6 decks)

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