3) Fundamentals of Data Representation Flashcards

Learn changing between binary, denary, hex Learn binary addition, subtraction, multiplication

1
Q

How big is a nibble?

A

A nibble is 4 bits

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2
Q

How big is a byte?

A

A byte is 8 bits

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3
Q

Rank the storage units

A
Bit (1)
Nibble (4)
Byte (8)
Kilobyte (1000B)
Megabyte (1000KB)
Gigabyte (1000MB)
Terbayte (1000GB)
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4
Q

What is the equation for the capacity of a device?

A

required capacity = number of files x size of a single file

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5
Q

What digits does hexadecimal use?

A

Hexadecimal uses 0-9 then A-F (16 different symbols)

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6
Q

Why is hexadecimal used?

A

Allows us to find errors easier

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7
Q

What are advantages of hex?

A

Easier and faster to write 2 digits than the full binary sequence
Easier for a human to process than binary

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8
Q

Where is hex used?

A

Machine code
Assembly
HTML colours
MAC addresses

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9
Q

What is the RGB scale?

A

The RGB scale is 0-255

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10
Q

What is a MAC address?

A

A MAC address uniquely identifies a networked device

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11
Q

How many bits is a MAC address?

A

48 bits shown as 6 groups of 2 hex digits

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12
Q

How are MAC addresses structured?

A

The first 6 hex digits identify the device manufacturer

The second 6 hex digits identify the device serial number

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13
Q

What is an overflow error?

A

An overflow error is when a binary number is carried past the last place column during binary addition

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14
Q

How do you multiply or divide in binary?

A

You perform a binary shift where every number is shifted a set number of places

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15
Q

What are problems with binary shifting?

A

Data shifting off the left can cause an overflow error

Data shifting off the right can cause a loss of accuracy

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16
Q

What is a character set?

A

A collection of all of the characters that a computer recognises, along with their binary codes

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17
Q

What are some examples of character sets

A

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Unicode

18
Q

What is the most common character set?

A

ASCII is the most common character set

19
Q

How many bits is each ASCII character?

A

Each ASCII character is represented by 7-bit binary code, this means there is a maximum of 128 characters

20
Q

What are limitations of ASCII?

A

Does not include non-english special characters

21
Q

Why was Unicode released?

A

Unicode was relseased due to the need to standardise charactrer sets internationally

22
Q

How many bits is each Unicode character?

A

Each Unicode character is represented by between 8 and 48 bit binary codes

23
Q

How are Unicode and ASCII compatible?

A

Unicode and ASCII are compatible because the first 256 characters are identical

24
Q

What are most digital images stored as?

25
What is colour depth?
The amount of bits used to store the colour of each pixel
26
What are common colour depths?
1-bit 8-bit 16-bit 24-bit
27
What is resolution?
The number of pixels in an image
28
What are examples of metadata?
Resolution Colour depth Encoding format Time/ date of photo
29
How is image file size calculated?
file size (b) = image width x image height x colour depth (b)
30
How is image file size calculated with bytes (B)?
file size (B) = file size (b) / 8
31
What are black pixels stored as?
0
32
What is converted to digital sound?
Analogue waves
33
What is sampling?
When a sound's amplitude is recorded at regular intervals
34
What is sample rate?
The number of samples taken per minute
35
How is quality of audio increased?
Increasing sampling rate | Increasing sample size
36
How is bit rate calculated?
Bitrate = sample rate x sample size
37
What is lossy compression?
Removing unnecessary details with data permanently lost
38
What is lossless compression?
Reducing file size with algorithms without losing any data
39
What is run length encoding (RLE)?
A form of lossless compression | Replaces repeating 1s and 0s with more efficient representation
40
What is huffman coding used for?
Long pieces of text | Lossless compression
41
How do you create a huffman tree?
Left branch = 0 Right branch = 1 More frequent characters at the top