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Biology GCSE > 4- Bioenergetics > Flashcards

4- Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H1206 + 6O2

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3
Q

How do plants and algae absorb the energy?

A

Plants and algae absorb the energy by a green substance called chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts). This energy is transferred by light

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4
Q

Does chlorophyll take in energy or give out energy?

A

Chlorophyll takes in energy

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5
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction
- the reaction transfers energy from the environment to the chloroplasts by light
- the energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and transferred to chemical energy which is stored as glucose

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6
Q

What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

A

Factors that can slow down the rate of photosynthesis if they are in short supply or not at the optimum

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7
Q

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A
  1. Light intensity
  2. Carbon dioxide concentration
  3. Temperature
  4. Number of chloroplasts
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8
Q

Describe and explain the graph (rate of photosynthesis vs light intensity)- in misc biology stuff word doc

A
  • As the intensity of light increases the rate of photosynthesis increases
  • This is because light intensity is the limiting factor
  • At (give data) it no longer increases, and the rate remains the same
  • This is because another factor becomes limiting, e.g. temperature or number of chloroplasts
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9
Q

Describe and explain the graph (rate of photosynthesis vs temperature) - in misc biology stuff word doc

A
  • The rate of photosynthesis increases as temperature increases
  • This is because the enzymes involved in photosynthesis are getting closer to their optimum temperature
  • As temperature increases beyond the optimum the rate of photosynthesis declines rapidly
  • This is because the enzyme has now denatured
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10
Q

Describe and explain the graph (rate of photosynthesis vs carbon dioxide concentration)- in misc biology stuff

A
  • As the rate of carbon dioxide concentration increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis
  • This is because carbon dioxide concentration is the limiting factor
  • At (give data), whilst the carbon dioxide concentration is still increasing, the rate of photosynthesis stays the same
  • This is because another factor becomes limiting, e.g. temperature or light intensity
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11
Q

How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

A

Photosynthesis makes glucose which is then used in respiration to release energy

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12
Q

Endothermic reaction definition

A

A chemical reaction in which energy is required for the chemical reaction to take place

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13
Q

Why does photosynthesis have an optimum temperature?

A

Because it is a chemical reaction and all chemical reactions in biology are controlled by enzymes. The enzymes that control photosynthesis have an optimum temperature.

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14
Q

Why do plants need to do respiration?

A

To release energy to carry out chemical reactions

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15
Q

What is the term we use to describe the relationship between light intensity and distance?

A

The inverse square law

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16
Q

What is the acronym for the uses of glucose?

A

CORSA
Cellulose, Oils, Respiration, Starch, Amino acids

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17
Q

Uses of glucose: Starch

A
  • Storage- starch is insoluble, so won’t affect osmosis
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18
Q

Uses of glucose: Cellulose

A
  • Cell walls in plants
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19
Q

Uses of glucose: Amino acids

A
  • Formed by glucose + NITRATES
  • for protein synthesis
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20
Q

Uses of glucose: Oils

A
  • for storage
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21
Q

What are the uses of glucose?

A

CORSA
Cellulose, Oils, Respiration, Starch, Amino acids

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22
Q

What are the factors that can be manipulated to increase yields in a greenhouse?

A
  1. Light- Using artificial light to increase the length of time plants are exposed to light
  2. Carbon dioxide- Using waste carbon dioxide from industrial processes or from burning wood to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis
  3. Temperature- Heating a greenhouse to achieve a consistent optimum temperature (for photosynthesis)
23
Q

Carbon dioxide + methane

A

Levels of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere are increasing, and contribute to ‘global warming’

24
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water –light–> glucose + oxygen

25
Balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
26
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light
27
Uses of glucose produced in respiration:
- Used in respiration - converted into insoluble starch for storage - used to produce fat or oil for storage - used to produce cellulose, which strengthens the cell wall - used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
28
What do plants need to use to produce proteins?
To produce proteins, plants also use nitrate ions that are absorbed from the soil
29
Structurally speaking, what is a leaf?
The leaf is a plant organ
30
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
As temperature increases the number of collisions increases, therefore the rate of photosynthesis increases. However, at high temperatures enzymes are denatured, therefore photosynthesis decreases
31
How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until another factor becomes limiting
32
How does carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?
As carbon dioxide concentration increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until another factor becomes limiting
33
How does the number of chloroplasts affect the rate of photosynthesis?
As the number of chloroplasts increases, the rate of photosynthesis also increases until another factor becomes limiting
34
Inverse square law
Light intensity = 1 --------------- distance2
35
Plants need energy to make glucose. How do plants get this energy?
Light is trapped by chloroplasts
36
Is respiration endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic
37
What are some uses of energy?
- Digestion- breaking large molecules into small ones - muscle contraction - protein synthesis - repair of tissues - temperature regulation - cell division - active transport - passage of nerve impulses
38
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy released
39
What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
40
Where does aerobic respiration mainly occur?
In the mitochondria
41
Is aerobic respiration complete or incomplete oxidation of glucose?
Complete oxidation of glucose
42
Where does anaerobic respiration occur in animals?
In the cytoplasm of cells
43
When does anaerobic respiration occur in animals?
When not enough oxygen is being supplied to muscles during vigorous exercise
44
What does anaerobic respiration produce in animals?
Lactic acid which is toxic
45
What does too much lactic acid lead to in animals?
Cramp
46
Is anaerobic respiration complete or incomplete oxidation of glucose?
Incomplete
47
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose -> lactic acid (+ energy released)
48
Where does anaerobic respiration occur in plants and yeast?
In the cytoplasm
49
What is anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi called?
Fermentation
50
How is anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi useful?
- economically useful as it is used in the production of bread (causing it to rise) and beer/wine (making it alcoholic)
51
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi?
glucose -> alcohol + carbon dioxide
52
Why does aerobic respiration release more energy than anaerobic?
It is the complete oxidation, whilst anaerobic is the incomplete oxidation of glucose
53
Why is respiration referred to as an exothermic reaction?
transferring energy to environment

Biology GCSE (9 decks)

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