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BDS3 ANATOMY Student 1 > 4 - Anterior triangle, thyroid and parathyroid > Flashcards

4 - Anterior triangle, thyroid and parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A
  • inferior border of mandible
  • anterior border of SCM
  • midline of neck
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2
Q

What forms the roof of the anterior triangle?

A

Deep investing cervical fascia around the muscles

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3
Q

What forms the floor of the anterior triangle?

A

Pretracheal fascia and carotid sheath

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4
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

A
  • submandibular
  • submental
  • carotid
  • muscular (omotracheal)
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5
Q

What is contained in the submandibular triangle?

A
  • digastric
  • submandibular gland
  • lymph nodes
  • parts of CN XII (hypoglossal)
  • mylohyoid nerve
  • parts of facial artery and vein
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6
Q

What is contained in the submental triangle?

A
  • submental lymph nodes
  • small veins (unite to form anterior jugular)
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7
Q

What is contained in the carotid triangle?

A
  • thyroid gland
  • larynx
  • pharynx
  • carotid sheath
  • branches of the cervical plexus
  • superior root of the ansa cervicalis
  • parts of CN XI and XII
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
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8
Q

What is contained in the muscular triangle?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyroid
  • parathyroid glands
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9
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • mylohyoid
  • diagastric
  • stylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
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10
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • omohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
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11
Q

What is the origin of mylohoid?

A

Mylohyoid line on mandible

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12
Q

What is the insertion of mylohyoid?

A
  • body of the hyoid
  • fibres of the opposite mylohyoid
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13
Q

What is the insertion of digastric?

A

Both bellies insert at the attachment of their intermediate tendon at hyoid (fascial sling)

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14
Q

What is the action of mylohyoid?

A
  • elevate hyoid and the floor of the mouth
  • reinforces floor of oral cavity
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15
Q

What is the action of the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • elevate the hyoid (swallowing)
  • elevate the larynx (tone production)
  • form floor the mouth
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16
Q

What is the origin of the digastric?

A

Anterior belly - digastric fossa on lower medial aspect of mandible
Posterior belly - mastoid notch of medial side of mastoid process

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17
Q

What is the action of the digastric?

A

Anterior belly - raises hyoid and opens mouth by lowering mandible
Posterior belly - elevates and retracts hyoid

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18
Q

What is innervation of mylohyoid?

A

CN V3, via inferior alveolar branch, “nerve to mylohyoid”

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19
Q

What is the innervation of digastric?

A

Anterior belly - nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3)
Posterior belly - digastric branch of CN VII

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20
Q

What is the origin of stylohyoid?

A

Styloid process

21
Q

What is the insertion of stylohyoid?

A

Body of hyoid (laterally)

22
Q

What is the innervation of stylohyoid?

23
Q

What is action of stylohyoid?

A

Pulls hyoid bone upwards (posterosuperior)

24
Q

What is the origin of geniohyoid?

A

Inferior mental spine of mandible

25
Q

What is the insertion of geniohyoid?

A
  • body of hyoid
  • located superior to mylohyoid
26
Q

What is the action of geniohyoid?

A
  • when mandible is fixed = elevates and pulls hyoid forward
  • when hyoid is fixed = pulls mandible down and inward
27
Q

What is the innervation of geniohyoid?

A

Anterior ramus of C1 (travels with CN XII)

28
Q

What is the insertion of omohyoid?

A

Superior belly - body of hyoid laterally
Inferior belly - intermediate tendon in posterior triangle

29
Q

What is the origin of omohyoid?

A

Superior belly - intermediate tendon
Inferior belly - superior border of scapula

30
Q

What is the action of omohyoid?

A

Depresses and fixes hyoid

31
Q

What is the action of infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • depress or fix hyoid
  • provide attachment for suprahyoid muscles
32
Q

What is the origin of thyrohyoid?

A

Oblique line on thyroid cartilage

33
Q

What is the insertion of thyrohyoid?

A

Great horn and adjacent body of hyoid

34
Q

What is the action of thryohyoid?

A
  • depress hyoid
  • can raise larynx when hyoid is fixed
35
Q

What is the insertion of sternothyroid?

A

Oblique line on thyroid cartilage

36
Q

What is the origin of sternothryoid?

A

Posterior surface of manubrium

37
Q

What is the action of sternothyroid?

A

Draw larynx down

38
Q

What is the innervation of sternohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1 to C3 (through ansa cervicalis)

39
Q

What is the innervation of sternothyroid?

A

Anterior rami of C1 to C3 (through ansa cervicalis)

40
Q

What is the innervation of omohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1 to C3 (through ansa cervicalis)

41
Q

What is the innervation of thyrohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1, fibres run with CN XII

42
Q

Describe the thyroid gland.

A
  • within visceral compartment of neck
  • made up of 2 lateral lobes (L/R)
  • midline isthmus (level of the 3rd tracheal ring)
  • midline pyramidal lobe (variably present)
43
Q

What is the arterial supply of the thyroid?

A
  • superior thyroid artery (1st branch of ECA)
  • inferior thyroid artery (branch of TCT of subclavian)
44
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid?

A
  • superior and middle thyroid vein (to IJV)
  • inferior thyroid vein (to brachiocephalic)
45
Q

What are the parathyroid glands?

A
  • two pairs of glands usually found on the posterior surface of the thyroid (superior and inferior pairs)
  • exact position vary
46
Q

What is the arterial supply of the parathyroid glands?

A

Inferior thyroid arteries (branch of TCT of subclavian)

47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the parathyroid glands?

A
  • superior and middle thyroid vein (to IJV)
  • inferior thyroid vein (to brachiocephalic)
48
Q

What is the innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid?

A

Thyroid branches of the cervical (sympathetic) ganglia

BDS3 ANATOMY Student 1 (27 decks)

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