4- Agriculture

Question 1

What new crops were introduced in the 17th century

Answer 1

articokes
asparagus
clover

Question 2

How did population growth affect harvesting

Answer 2

good harvest were needed
more efficient agricultural output needed

Question 3

WHat is the market garden

Answer 3

special producer of fruits and vegetables served to fee london

Question 4

How much had argricultral production grown

Answer 4

exceeded Europe in 1640s except Holland
1450 -266 average days worked
1700-405 average days worked

Question 5

What does the growth in agricultural production signify

Answer 5

rise in population led to a boost in production

Question 6

What is Enclosure

Answer 6

Combining scattered lands to be used by one landowner

Question 7

What were some positives of Enclosure

Answer 7

crop production wasn’t duplicated
led to fewer rivals in regions

Question 8

What difficulties did enclosure hold

Answer 8

loose agreements over land led to small protests over land
especially small landowners
enclosure would beat out smaller landowners

Question 9

Who are Yeomen

Answer 9

farmers who owned thier own land, large farm
could hold as much property as gentry

Question 10

What was their a new awarness of

Answer 10

utilising as much land as possible
needing to leave fields fallow
selecting crops based on their suitability for soil types

Question 11

How was the new awarness in crop growth spread

Answer 11

yeomen becoming more literate
able to use books to spread knowledge

Question 12

How did enclosure help with crpo rotation

Answer 12

before only 3 fields used
but with enclosure more fields able to be used
fields left for pasture for longer to again reach most productive soil level

Question 13

How did the low countries help in crop efficiency

Answer 13

dutch immigrants carried out much of the work on irrigation and new crops
Frost resistant turnips

Question 14

What was so great about the turnips

Answer 14

frost resistant
stored in winter could uphold animals throughout the year

Question 14

What was so great about the turnips

Answer 14

frost resistant
stored in winter could uphold animals throughout the year

Question 15

What was a new wet type of field used as a farming technique

Answer 15

water meadows

Question 16

What were water meadows

Answer 16

flooded meadows with water diverted from streams and rivers
provided fields with constantly wet soil

Question 17

Why were water meadows useful

Answer 17

reduced chances of frost
enables grass to grow earlier
helps keep animals fed improved livestock of animals

Question 18

What was a result of the improvement in farming in 1670

Answer 18

britian stopped impoting and started exporting grain

Question 19

How did national markets establish

Answer 19

development in transport infrastructure

Question 20

How did national markets help farmers

Answer 20

allowed them to grow crops that suited local conditions

Question 21

What transport method were used to create a national market

Answer 21

mainly water, ports on the coast and rivers used
also minimal road transport due to rough roads and tolls

Question 22

How was employment effected by enclosure and the growth in larger farms

Answer 22

small tenants suffered
had to join bigger farms or the cloth trade
job security difficult for those without an apprenticeship

Question 23

How did the Settlement act 1662 help employemnt

Answer 23

allowed workers from other parishes join farm work

Question 24

Why was capital investment needed

Answer 24

ensure productivity increase

Question 25

How did investment help larger farms

Answer 25

buy land from neighbouring farms
cheap labour die to pop. growth
expand from thier local markets

Question 26

What else was investment used for

Answer 26

improve estate conditions
improve road conditions

Question 27

How did investment effect the growth of larger farms

Answer 27

In 1700, 53.6% agricultural lands is large farms
was only 32.2% in 1600

Question 28

How were natoinal markets naturally formed

Answer 28

formation of towns and population growth
increase in need for food
especially london

Question 29

How much had grain shipments increased into london

Answer 29

in 1605 was 6.350 mil kg
in 1661 was 14.605 mil kg

Question 30

How was land transport improved

Answer 30

roads
responsiblty of parish little care just roman roads
act in 1663 allowed creation of toll roads to mercants

Question 31

what was transported by water

Answer 31

Coal- newcastle-london via east coast
royal navy used to protect ships

Question 32

What was the limitation of national markets

Answer 32

didnt dominate the economy till the 18th /19th century
didnt develop in scotland or ireland

Question 33

How did the national market create strain i resources

Answer 33

HIgh demand took them away from other communities
south east especially struggled
prices 6x what they were in 1500 in 1650

Question 34

What was the significance of national markets
conclusion

Answer 34

weren’t possible without improvement of trading infrastructure and conditions
Improvement in techniques led to increased production enabling towns to expand